टेक्स्ट की तुलना करें

दो टेक्स्ट फ़ाइलों के बीच अंतर ढूंढें

Real-time diff

Unified diff

Collapse lines

Highlight change

Syntax highlighting

टूल्स

Diffchecker Desktop The most secure way to run Diffchecker. Get the Diffchecker Desktop app: your diffs never leave your computer!Get Desktop

Compare

Created 2 years agoDiff never expires

261 lines

297 lines

whisper_init_from_file_no_state: loading model from 'C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build\bin\Release\ggml-model-whisper-tiny.bin'

whisper_init_from_file_no_state: loading model from 'C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build_new\bin\Release\ggml-model-whisper-tiny.bin'

whisper_model_load: loading model

whisper_model_load: n_vocab = 51865

whisper_model_load: n_audio_ctx = 1500

whisper_model_load: n_audio_state = 384

whisper_model_load: n_audio_head = 6

whisper_model_load: n_audio_layer = 4

whisper_model_load: n_text_ctx = 448

whisper_model_load: n_text_state = 384

whisper_model_load: n_text_head = 6

whisper_model_load: n_text_layer = 4

whisper_model_load: n_mels = 80

whisper_model_load: ftype = 1

whisper_model_load: qntvr = 0

whisper_model_load: type = 1

whisper_model_load: mem required = 201.00 MB (+ 3.00 MB per decoder)

whisper_model_load: adding 1608 extra tokens

whisper_model_load: model ctx = 73.62 MB

whisper_model_load: model size = 73.54 MB

whisper_init_state: kv self size = 2.62 MB

whisper_init_state: kv cross size = 8.79 MB

system_info: n_threads = 4 / 20 | AVX = 1 | AVX2 = 1 | AVX512 = 0 | FMA = 1 | NEON = 0 | ARM_FMA = 0 | F16C = 1 | FP16_VA = 0 | WASM_SIMD = 0 | BLAS = 1 | SSE3 = 1 | VSX = 0 | COREML = 0 | OPENVINO = 0 |

main: processing 'C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build\bin\Release\diffusion2023-07-03.wav' (26718958 samples, 1669.9 sec), 4 threads, 1 processors, lang = en, task = transcribe, timestamps = 1 ...

main: processing 'C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build_new\bin\Release\diffusion2023-07-03.wav' (26718958 samples, 1669.9 sec), 4 threads, 1 processors, lang = en, task = transcribe, timestamps = 1 ...

[00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.580] (upbeat music)

[00:00:02.580 --> 00:00:07.760] - The fusion.

[00:00:07.760 --> 00:00:09.760] - The international science radio show.

[00:00:09.760 --> 00:00:11.960] - We have a bouncer and the doors of theception.

[00:00:11.960 --> 00:00:13.840] (upbeat music)

[00:00:13.840 --> 00:00:15.400] - The good, the bad, the ugly,

[00:00:15.400 --> 00:00:16.400] gets pretty exotic.

[00:00:16.400 --> 00:00:17.880] The mix, the truth.

[00:00:17.880 --> 00:00:19.120] (upbeat music)

[00:00:19.120 --> 00:00:19.960] - Talks of codaging.

[00:00:19.960 --> 00:00:21.240] - Astro-assize mollage.

[00:00:21.240 --> 00:00:22.760] - Magnetism, the dark side.

[00:00:21.240 --> 00:00:22.760] - Magnetic of the dark side.

[00:00:22.760 --> 00:00:25.520] - It's genetically engineered potato and planetoid.

[00:00:25.520 --> 00:00:26.360] - Planetoid.

[00:00:26.360 --> 00:00:27.360] - I love that word.

[00:00:27.360 --> 00:00:28.680] (laughing)

[00:00:28.680 --> 00:00:31.260] (upbeat music)

[00:00:31.260 --> 00:00:34.760] - Hello and welcome to diffusion.

[00:00:34.760 --> 00:00:37.160] Sit back and relax while we stretch your brain

[00:00:37.160 --> 00:00:39.640] with weird and wonderful science.

[00:00:39.640 --> 00:00:41.480] I'm Ian Wolf.

[00:00:41.480 --> 00:00:43.560] On this edition, Dr. Viv Robinson

[00:00:43.560 --> 00:00:45.400] rewrites cosmology.

[00:00:45.400 --> 00:00:48.360] But first up, he's news of two massive galaxies

[00:00:48.360 --> 00:00:50.840] that might be older than the big bang.

[00:00:50.840 --> 00:00:53.260] (upbeat music)

[00:00:50.840 --> 00:00:53.280] (upbeat music)

[00:00:53.940 --> 00:00:56.500] (upbeat music)

[00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:56.440] (upbeat music)

[00:00:56.500 --> 00:01:08.500] - Galaxies, too massive.

[00:00:56.440 --> 00:01:06.920] - Galaxies?

[00:01:08.500 --> 00:01:10.540] Astronomers from the Swinburne University

[00:01:06.920 --> 00:01:08.520] - Too massive.

[00:01:10.540 --> 00:01:12.220] of Technology in Melbourne,

[00:01:08.520 --> 00:01:10.560] - Astronomers from the Swinburne University

[00:01:12.220 --> 00:01:14.540] using the James Webb Space Telescope,

[00:01:10.560 --> 00:01:12.240] of Technology in Melbourne,

[00:01:14.540 --> 00:01:16.620] have observed six galaxies

[00:01:12.240 --> 00:01:14.560] using the James Webb Space Telescope,

[00:01:16.620 --> 00:01:20.940] that formed in the universe's first 700 million years,

[00:01:14.560 --> 00:01:16.640] have observed six galaxies

[00:01:20.940 --> 00:01:24.700] appear to be up to a hundred times more massive

[00:01:16.640 --> 00:01:20.960] that formed in the universe's first 700 million years,

[00:01:24.700 --> 00:01:28.340] than our best theories say can possibly exist.

[00:01:20.960 --> 00:01:24.680] appear to be up to a hundred times more massive

[00:01:28.340 --> 00:01:31.420] Astronomers, Ivo, Lube, and his colleagues,

[00:01:24.680 --> 00:01:28.320] than our best theories say can possibly exist.

[00:01:31.420 --> 00:01:33.100] wrote in his paper,

[00:01:28.320 --> 00:01:31.400] Astronomers, Ivo, Lube, and his colleagues,

[00:01:33.100 --> 00:01:35.300] adding up the stars in those galaxies,

[00:01:31.400 --> 00:01:33.120] wrote in his paper,

[00:01:35.300 --> 00:01:37.620] it would exceed the total amount of mass available

[00:01:33.120 --> 00:01:35.280] adding up the stars in those galaxies,

[00:01:37.620 --> 00:01:39.860] in the universe at that time.

[00:01:35.280 --> 00:01:37.640] it would exceed the total amount of mass available

[00:01:39.860 --> 00:01:42.140] There's too much mass and not enough time

[00:01:37.640 --> 00:01:39.840] in the universe at that time.

[00:01:42.140 --> 00:01:43.700] for it to get together.

[00:01:39.840 --> 00:01:42.120] There's too much mass and not enough time

[00:01:43.700 --> 00:01:45.860] The galaxies must have had much longer

[00:01:42.120 --> 00:01:43.680] for it to get together.

[00:01:45.860 --> 00:01:48.380] than the 700 million years after the big bang

[00:01:43.680 --> 00:01:45.840] The galaxies must have had much longer

[00:01:48.380 --> 00:01:50.860] that are standin' well of the universe gives them,

[00:01:45.840 --> 00:01:48.400] than the 700 million years after the big bang

[00:01:50.860 --> 00:01:54.260] and the universe must have had more massive available,

[00:01:48.400 --> 00:01:50.840] that are standin' well of the universe gives them,

[00:01:54.260 --> 00:01:58.340] or galaxies must form differently than what we think.

[00:01:50.840 --> 00:01:54.240] and the universe must have had more massive available,

[00:01:58.340 --> 00:02:01.740] The big bang is currently thought to have started everything

[00:01:54.240 --> 00:01:58.320] or galaxies must form differently than what we think.

[00:02:01.740 --> 00:02:05.580] 13.77 billion years ago.

[00:01:58.320 --> 00:02:01.720] The big bang is currently thought to have started everything

[00:02:05.580 --> 00:02:10.580] And these galaxies, we're watching them at 0.77 billion years ago

[00:02:01.720 --> 00:02:05.560] 13.77 billion years ago.

[00:02:10.580 --> 00:02:13.380] because they're so far away.

[00:02:05.560 --> 00:02:10.560] And these galaxies, we're watching them at 0.77 billion years ago

[00:02:13.380 --> 00:02:15.820] Galaxies are thought to accumulate gas,

[00:02:10.560 --> 00:02:13.360] because they're so far away.

[00:02:15.820 --> 00:02:19.740] moved together by giant clumps of dark matter in their region.

[00:02:13.360 --> 00:02:15.840] Galaxies are thought to accumulate gas,

[00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:23.140] Generally, only about 10% of the gas in the galaxy

[00:02:15.840 --> 00:02:19.720] moved together by giant clumps of dark matter in their region.

[00:02:23.140 --> 00:02:25.460] ignites to make a star.

[00:02:19.720 --> 00:02:23.120] Generally, only about 10% of the gas in the galaxy

[00:02:25.460 --> 00:02:27.780] For galaxies in the remotest parts of the universe

[00:02:23.120 --> 00:02:25.440] ignites to make a star.

[00:02:27.780 --> 00:02:29.100] with the gases thin,

[00:02:25.440 --> 00:02:29.040] For galaxies in the remotest parts of the universe with the gases thin,

[00:02:29.100 --> 00:02:32.620] it takes a long time to accumulate this much gas

[00:02:29.040 --> 00:02:32.560] it takes a long time to accumulate this much gas

[00:02:32.620 --> 00:02:34.500] for this many stars.

[00:02:32.560 --> 00:02:34.480] for this many stars.

[00:02:34.500 --> 00:02:38.540] These six galaxies, however, have so many stars

[00:02:34.480 --> 00:02:38.520] These six galaxies, however, have so many stars

[00:02:38.540 --> 00:02:41.500] adding up to so much mass

[00:02:38.520 --> 00:02:41.440] adding up to so much mass

[00:02:41.500 --> 00:02:43.740] that all of the gas in each galaxy

[00:02:41.440 --> 00:02:43.680] that all of the gas in each galaxy

[00:02:43.740 --> 00:02:47.980] had to have become a hundred percent converted into stars.

[00:02:43.680 --> 00:02:47.960] had to have become a hundred percent converted into stars.

[00:02:47.980 --> 00:02:50.380] In the 700 million years,

[00:02:47.960 --> 00:02:52.840] In the 700 million years, since the universe started in the big bang,

[00:02:50.380 --> 00:02:52.940] since the universe started in the big bang,

[00:02:52.840 --> 00:02:56.600] under our current understanding, this is impossible.

[00:02:52.940 --> 00:02:56.700] under our current understanding, this is impossible.

[00:02:56.600 --> 00:03:01.040] It suggests something in our understanding of the cosmos is wrong.

[00:02:56.700 --> 00:02:59.380] It suggests something in our understanding

[00:03:01.040 --> 00:03:04.360] Are we wrong about how to calculate astronomical masses,

[00:02:59.380 --> 00:03:01.180] of the cosmos is wrong.

[00:03:04.360 --> 00:03:08.360] galaxy formation, dark matter, and the big bang

[00:03:01.180 --> 00:03:04.420] Are we wrong about how to calculate astronomical masses,

[00:03:08.360 --> 00:03:10.600] and the age of the universe?

[00:03:04.420 --> 00:03:07.220] galaxy formation, dark matter,

[00:03:10.600 --> 00:03:13.880] An astronomer from the cosmic dawn center in Denmark

[00:03:07.220 --> 00:03:10.740] and the big bang, and the age of the universe?

[00:03:13.880 --> 00:03:15.600] used the James Webb telescope,

[00:03:10.740 --> 00:03:13.980] An astronomer from the cosmic dawn center in Denmark

[00:03:15.600 --> 00:03:19.240] look at closer galaxies, and then used the very high resolution

[00:03:13.980 --> 00:03:15.660] used the James Webb telescope,

[00:03:19.240 --> 00:03:23.080] of that telescope to calculate the mass more precisely

[00:03:15.660 --> 00:03:19.220] called Closer galaxies, and then used the very high resolution

[00:03:23.080 --> 00:03:26.240] with the different method and found that these galaxies

[00:03:19.220 --> 00:03:22.180] of that telescope to calculate the mass

[00:03:26.240 --> 00:03:29.800] are three to 10 times more massive than we previously thought.

[00:03:22.180 --> 00:03:24.620] more precisely with the different method

[00:03:29.800 --> 00:03:32.760] Applying this more accurate technique to the six galaxies

[00:03:24.620 --> 00:03:27.420] and found that these galaxies are three to 10 times

[00:03:32.760 --> 00:03:35.720] that a 13 billion light years away

[00:03:27.420 --> 00:03:29.860] more massive than we previously thought.

[00:03:35.720 --> 00:03:41.120] would increase their mass, which makes it much worse

[00:03:29.860 --> 00:03:32.820] Applying this more accurate technique to the six galaxies

[00:03:41.120 --> 00:03:43.040] than what we thought.

[00:03:32.820 --> 00:03:35.820] that a 13 billion light years away

[00:03:43.040 --> 00:03:47.520] The paper was titled, "A Population of Red Canada Massive Galaxies",

[00:03:35.820 --> 00:03:38.220] would increase their mass,

[00:03:47.520 --> 00:03:51.080] approximately 600 million years after the big bang

[00:03:38.220 --> 00:03:43.100] which makes it much worse than what we thought.

[00:03:51.080 --> 00:03:53.400] and was published in the journal Nature.

[00:03:43.100 --> 00:03:47.580] The paper was titled, "A Population of Red Canada Massive Galaxies",

[00:03:53.400 --> 00:04:10.120] [MUSIC]

[00:03:47.580 --> 00:03:51.140] approximately 600 million years after the big bang,

[00:04:10.120 --> 00:04:14.040] The oldest name to animal of diffusion science radio,

[00:03:51.140 --> 00:03:53.500] and was published in the journal Nature.

[00:04:14.040 --> 00:04:17.720] Cindy Males to science@defusionradio.com,

[00:03:53.500 --> 00:03:56.100] (upbeat music)

[00:04:17.720 --> 00:04:21.640] where brought to you across Australia on the community radio network

[00:04:10.380 --> 00:04:14.140] ΓÖ¬ The oldest name to animals on diffusion science radio ΓÖ¬

[00:04:21.640 --> 00:04:27.560] and podcast over the internet on www.fusionradio.com.

[00:04:14.140 --> 00:04:17.820] ΓÖ¬ Cindy Males to science at diffusionradio.com ΓÖ¬

[00:04:27.560 --> 00:04:30.240] Challenging physics.

[00:04:17.820 --> 00:04:19.700] ΓÖ¬ Where brought to you across Australia ΓÖ¬

[00:04:30.240 --> 00:04:34.320] Nitten said everything is either a particle or a wave,

[00:04:19.700 --> 00:04:21.740] ΓÖ¬ On the community radio network ΓÖ¬

[00:04:34.320 --> 00:04:36.880] Faraday and Maxwell added fields,

[00:04:21.740 --> 00:04:23.900] ΓÖ¬ And podcast over the internet ΓÖ¬

[00:04:36.880 --> 00:04:39.120] Einstein added space time,

[00:04:23.900 --> 00:04:27.700] ΓÖ¬ On WWE.fusionradio.com ΓÖ¬

[00:04:39.120 --> 00:04:42.440] quantum physics as everything is made of quanta,

[00:04:27.700 --> 00:04:30.380] ΓÖ¬ Challenging physics ΓÖ¬

[00:04:42.440 --> 00:04:45.440] which have the properties of both waves and particles,

[00:04:30.380 --> 00:04:34.420] ΓÖ¬ Nitten said everything is either a particle or a wave ΓÖ¬

[00:04:45.440 --> 00:04:46.760] but is neither.

[00:04:34.420 --> 00:04:37.020] ΓÖ¬ Faraday and Maxwell added fields ΓÖ¬

[00:04:46.760 --> 00:04:49.600] Quantum mechanics has no explanation for gravity

[00:04:37.020 --> 00:04:39.140] ΓÖ¬ Einstein added space time ΓÖ¬

[00:04:49.600 --> 00:04:53.360] and relativity doesn't account for the quantum world.

[00:04:39.140 --> 00:04:42.460] ΓÖ¬ Quantum physics as everything is made of quanta ΓÖ¬

[00:04:53.360 --> 00:04:57.600] There's a contradiction between our most basic explanations of the universe.

[00:04:42.460 --> 00:04:44.420] ΓÖ¬ Which have the properties of both waves ΓÖ¬

[00:04:57.600 --> 00:05:01.600] Dr. Viv Robinson was the first person to create a physical explanation

[00:04:44.420 --> 00:04:46.780] ΓÖ¬ And particles but is neither. ΓÖ¬

[00:05:01.600 --> 00:05:06.800] of Einstein's gravity in a paper published in the journal Physics Communications.

[00:04:46.780 --> 00:04:49.700] Quantum mechanics has no explanation for gravity ΓÖ¬

[00:05:06.800 --> 00:05:10.960] He's made corrections to people's extensions of Einstein's mathematics

[00:04:49.700 --> 00:04:53.420] ΓÖ¬ And relativity doesn't account for the quantum world ΓÖ¬

[00:05:10.960 --> 00:05:13.760] and has a different way to interpret those mathematics

[00:04:53.420 --> 00:04:57.660] ΓÖ¬ There's a contradiction between our most basic explanations of the universe ΓÖ¬

[00:05:13.760 --> 00:05:16.560] that gives a different picture of the age of the universe

[00:04:57.660 --> 00:05:02.980] Dr. Viv Robinson was the first person to create a physical explanation of Einstein's gravity ΓÖ¬

[00:05:16.560 --> 00:05:19.760] and a different way of looking at how the physics works.

[00:05:02.980 --> 00:05:06.900] ΓÖ¬ in a paper published in the journal physics communications ΓÖ¬

[00:05:19.760 --> 00:05:24.160] From the standard model of quantum physics to big bang cosmology.

[00:05:06.900 --> 00:05:13.860] He's made corrections to people's extensions of Einstein's mathematics and has a different way to interpret those mathematics ΓÖ¬

[00:05:24.160 --> 00:05:28.000] Everything, including you and me, is made of light.

[00:05:13.860 --> 00:05:16.660] ΓÖ¬ that gives a different picture of the age of the universe ΓÖ¬

[00:05:28.000 --> 00:05:31.200] It's a very big and very bold claim.

[00:05:16.660 --> 00:05:19.780] ΓÖ¬ and a different way of looking at how the physics works ΓÖ¬

[00:05:31.200 --> 00:05:35.440] I spoke to Dr. Viv Robinson by Zoom and began by asking him,

[00:05:19.780 --> 00:05:24.340] ΓÖ¬ From the standard model of quantum physics to big bang cosmology ΓÖ¬

[00:05:35.440 --> 00:05:38.000] "What is the universe made of?"

[00:05:24.340 --> 00:05:31.340] Everything, including you and me, is made of light. It's a very big and very bold claim.

[00:05:38.000 --> 00:05:43.120] And, oh, stop of the universe, or like entity.

[00:05:31.340 --> 00:05:35.540] I spoke to Dr. Viv Robinson by Zoom and began by asking him,

[00:05:43.120 --> 00:05:47.200] I won't call it items because one of them is absolutely nothing.

[00:05:35.540 --> 00:05:38.260] "What is the universe made of?"

[00:05:47.200 --> 00:05:51.440] The first thing to do, all the mass and all the energy

[00:05:38.260 --> 00:05:43.220] And, oh, stop of the universe, or like entity.

[00:05:51.440 --> 00:05:53.280] is made up of photons.

[00:05:43.220 --> 00:05:47.300] I won't call it items because one of them is absolutely nothing.

[00:05:53.280 --> 00:05:56.640] There are little packets of electromagnetic energy

[00:05:47.300 --> 00:05:53.300] The first thing to do, all the mass and all the energy is made up of photons.

[00:05:56.640 --> 00:06:01.680] situated by Maxwell and Planck and proven by Einstein.

[00:05:53.300 --> 00:05:56.740] There are little packets of electromagnetic energy,

[00:06:01.680 --> 00:06:06.400] They come in at many different sizes shapes of which

[00:05:56.740 --> 00:06:01.780] situated by Maxwell and Planck and proven by Einstein.

[00:06:06.400 --> 00:06:09.840] they make up all the mass and energy of the universe.

[00:06:01.780 --> 00:06:06.900] They come in at many different sizes, shapes, which make,

[00:06:09.840 --> 00:06:13.840] The volume is made up by empty space, absolutely nothing.

[00:06:06.900 --> 00:06:09.860] but they make up all the mass and energy of the universe.

[00:06:13.840 --> 00:06:18.080] But it's the properties of the space that are important.

[00:06:09.860 --> 00:06:14.900] The volume is made up by empty space, absolutely nothing.

[00:06:18.080 --> 00:06:23.440] But the first important property is that can transmit photons

[00:06:14.900 --> 00:06:19.220] But it's the properties of the space that are important.

[00:06:23.440 --> 00:06:25.680] electromagnetic radiation.

[00:06:19.220 --> 00:06:23.460] But the first important property is that can transmit photons,

[00:06:25.680 --> 00:06:31.040] It does this through two of its properties, electric permutivity

[00:06:23.460 --> 00:06:30.020] electromagnetic radiation, and it does this through two its properties, electric

[00:06:31.040 --> 00:06:32.560] and magnetic permeability.

[00:06:30.020 --> 00:06:33.460] permutivity, and magnetic permeability.

[00:06:32.560 --> 00:06:38.800] And it's those properties which then transmit all of the fields.

[00:06:33.460 --> 00:06:38.820] And it's those properties which then transmit all of the fields.

[00:06:38.800 --> 00:06:40.880] So that's really all it is.

[00:06:38.820 --> 00:06:41.700] So that's really all it is.

[00:06:40.880 --> 00:06:47.600] They're just the only two stars, and of course, because the Po-Doc are physical things

[00:06:41.700 --> 00:06:47.540] There are only two stars, and of course, because the both are physical things,

[00:06:47.600 --> 00:06:50.000] and spaces just the absence of everything.

[00:06:47.540 --> 00:06:51.380] and space is just the absence of everything, but it's property.

[00:06:50.000 --> 00:06:51.360] But it's property.

[00:06:51.380 --> 00:06:54.020] It's properties are what is important about it.

[00:06:51.360 --> 00:06:54.000] It's properties are what is important about it.

[00:06:55.300 --> 00:07:00.900] And that's a little bit different to what you might hear from a quantum physics class

[00:06:54.000 --> 00:06:59.280] And that's a little bit different to what you might hear

[00:07:00.900 --> 00:07:05.780] where they talk about space being full of virtual particles coming into and out of existence

[00:06:59.280 --> 00:07:03.200] from a quantum physics class where they talk about space being full of

[00:07:05.780 --> 00:07:09.780] that it's not totally empty or sometimes they say it's full of fields.

[00:07:03.200 --> 00:07:07.840] virtual particles coming into and out of existence that it's not totally empty

[00:07:09.780 --> 00:07:13.860] The fields of every force is in there, and things are coming up all the time.

[00:07:07.840 --> 00:07:09.840] or sometimes they say it's full of fields.

[00:07:13.860 --> 00:07:18.580] So if you go very fast, you'll interact with the fields, all the virtual particles, and you'll get radiation.

[00:07:09.840 --> 00:07:13.920] The fields of every force is in there and things are coming up all the time.

[00:07:19.540 --> 00:07:26.820] Yeah, so the unfortunate part is that physics was doing exceedingly well under Newtonian mechanics

[00:07:13.920 --> 00:07:16.480] So if you go very fast, you'll interact with the fields

[00:07:26.820 --> 00:07:33.860] and exceedingly well under Maxwell mechanics, but as things get smaller and smaller,

[00:07:16.480 --> 00:07:18.560] all the virtual particles and you get radiation.

[00:07:33.860 --> 00:07:38.580] you get to a stage where things aren't continuous.

[00:07:18.560 --> 00:07:25.040] Yeah, so the unfortunate part is that physics is doing exceedingly well

[00:07:38.580 --> 00:07:43.460] I mean, you didn't work well, anything that's continuous, but eventually you get this stage where

[00:07:25.040 --> 00:07:29.040] under the Newtonian mechanics and exceedingly well under

[00:07:44.500 --> 00:07:49.540] the droplet of water is fine and has a surface tension evaporates in left of one molecule of water.

[00:07:29.040 --> 00:07:34.080] a maximum mechanics, but as things get smaller and smaller,

[00:07:49.540 --> 00:07:53.460] That doesn't behave the same as bulk water.

[00:07:34.080 --> 00:07:38.560] you get to a stage where things aren't continuous.

[00:07:53.460 --> 00:08:00.420] Then into that molecule you go hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and they behave nothing like water.

[00:07:38.560 --> 00:07:43.440] I mean, you wouldn't work with anything that's continuous, but eventually get this stage where

[00:08:00.420 --> 00:08:05.300] And then you get what they're made up of, products, new drugs and electrons, and they have completely

[00:07:43.440 --> 00:07:48.000] you know, a drop of water is fine and has a surface tension evaporates in

[00:08:05.300 --> 00:08:10.260] different properties from bulk water. So quantum mechanics and things get quantized.

[00:07:48.000 --> 00:07:49.600] the left of one molecule of water.

[00:08:11.540 --> 00:08:18.500] You get the smallest quantity you can get, and that has very, very different properties from the bulk.

[00:07:49.600 --> 00:07:53.440] That doesn't behave the same as bulk water.

[00:08:18.500 --> 00:08:27.140] And what has happened in the past is that the early on in quantum mechanics,

[00:07:54.160 --> 00:07:58.720] Then into that molecule you go hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms,

[00:08:27.140 --> 00:08:31.540] then Batman, like, Iraq, and sure to get. They didn't know what and put the structure with

[00:07:58.720 --> 00:08:00.800] they behave nothing like water.

[00:08:31.540 --> 00:08:38.580] an electron, what's, although they knew it had waves properties.

[00:08:00.800 --> 00:08:02.880] And then you get, well, they're made up of

[00:08:38.580 --> 00:08:43.620] And so all they did was they attributed it to a way, a way property to it.

[00:08:02.880 --> 00:08:06.800] proton, neutrons and electrons and they have completely different properties from bulk water.

[00:08:43.620 --> 00:08:50.260] Now waves have been aroundy-dove particles. You can manipulate them almost forever with all sorts of

[00:08:06.800 --> 00:08:10.240] So quantum mechanics and things get quantized.

[00:08:50.260 --> 00:08:59.540] different transforms and to get the answer you want. And that gave some confidence to quantum mechanics

[00:08:10.240 --> 00:08:16.080] You get the smallest quantity you can get and that has very,

[00:08:59.540 --> 00:09:07.220] guys that yes, waves work and they've been using that forever. And all I'm saying no, no, no, no,

[00:08:16.080 --> 00:08:18.480] very different properties from the bulk.

[00:09:07.220 --> 00:09:17.620] everything is particles. And the particles have specific properties and you can't manipulate those properties

[00:08:19.280 --> 00:08:27.200] And what has happened in the past is that the early on in quantum mechanics

[00:09:17.620 --> 00:09:24.740] for your quantum certain extent. But they are what they are. And it's when you know what those properties

[00:08:27.200 --> 00:08:29.360] and bankmen like Dirac and Shroud are there.

[00:09:24.740 --> 00:09:32.340] are, the whole quantum mechanics becomes much simpler, you don't need any of that phoemysome stuff to get

[00:08:29.360 --> 00:08:32.560] They didn't know what and but the structure was electron.

[00:09:32.340 --> 00:09:38.500] to explain where we want to explain. I mentioned that there are many different forms of

[00:08:32.560 --> 00:08:38.720] Was, although they knew it had waves properties.

[00:09:38.500 --> 00:09:46.980] photons, and the photons are electromagnetic radiation with electric fields, they are magnetic field

[00:08:38.720 --> 00:08:43.680] And so all they did was they attributed it to a way, a way property to it.

[00:09:46.980 --> 00:09:52.500] perpendicular to the whole lot of travels, and the speed of life in the third dimension. And there

[00:08:43.680 --> 00:08:46.640] Now waves have been granted over particles.

[00:09:52.500 --> 00:10:03.220] many, many variations of that. So that's fine for energy radiation. But how about matter particles?

[00:08:46.640 --> 00:08:52.000] You can manipulate them almost forever with all sorts of different transforms

[00:10:03.220 --> 00:10:08.420] Well, matter particles are nothing more than photons of the appropriate wavelengths,

[00:08:52.000 --> 00:08:53.600] until you get the answer you want.

[00:10:08.420 --> 00:10:15.540] or appropriate energy making two revolutions to wavelengths. And when they do that, what

[00:08:53.600 --> 00:09:00.320] And that gave some confidence to quantum mechanics guys.

[00:10:15.540 --> 00:10:23.780] whole allows them to do that is that they rotate around the magnetic field. And suddenly instead of

[00:09:00.320 --> 00:09:05.760] But yes, waves work and they've been using that forever.

[00:10:23.780 --> 00:10:30.100] in an alinear photon, magnetic field grow open, when they rotate around the magnetic field,

[00:09:05.760 --> 00:09:07.440] And all I'm saying, no, no, no, no, no.

[00:10:30.100 --> 00:10:36.340] then the magnetic field of a particle is closed and a closed magnetic field is much more stable

[00:09:07.440 --> 00:09:10.080] Everything is particles.

[00:10:36.340 --> 00:10:41.540] than an open magnetic field. And that's why most of the universe, for example, when

[00:09:10.080 --> 00:09:14.320] And the particles have specific properties.

[00:10:42.740 --> 00:10:48.980] less about, I think the best estimate is seen, one percentage radiation, the other 99 percent

[00:09:15.360 --> 00:09:19.440] And you can't manipulate those properties for your kind of certain extent.

[00:10:48.980 --> 00:10:57.060] is photons troubling in circles, making two revolutions for wavelengths. And it's that that gives

[00:09:19.440 --> 00:09:21.200] But they are what they are.

[00:10:57.060 --> 00:11:03.860] particles or their properties. Now, if I may say this is a bit hairy theory, but it's been known

[00:09:21.200 --> 00:09:25.280] And it's when you know what those properties are.

[00:11:03.860 --> 00:11:09.860] for a long long time that you get a particle and an adiparticle and you put them together,

[00:09:25.280 --> 00:09:28.480] The whole quantum mechanics becomes much simpler.

[00:11:09.860 --> 00:11:17.300] being two photons. At the same time you get a photon and go and hit the target bang a particle on

[00:09:28.480 --> 00:09:34.880] You don't need any of that foamy self-start to get to explain whatever you want to explain.

[00:11:17.300 --> 00:11:22.900] any particle. Now that shows the relationship between the two, somehow,

[00:09:34.880 --> 00:09:39.040] I mentioned that there are many different forms of photons.

[00:11:22.900 --> 00:11:30.660] what the people missed. But what the simple relationship you can have, the simplest relationship is

[00:09:39.040 --> 00:09:45.040] The photons are electromagnetic radiation with a electric field, say,

[00:11:30.660 --> 00:11:38.020] a particle is a photon making two revolutions in one direction, an adiparticle is the same particle

[00:09:45.040 --> 00:09:50.400] I'm a magnetic field perpendicular to it and the whole lot of travels in the speed of

[00:11:38.020 --> 00:11:43.700] making two revolutions in the other direction. But together they are not because they have mass,

[00:09:50.400 --> 00:09:51.760] life in a third dimension.

[00:11:43.700 --> 00:11:49.060] they have this thing called angular momentum, which you know, great Newtonian property.

[00:09:51.760 --> 00:09:55.360] And there are many, many variations of that.

[00:11:49.060 --> 00:11:55.300] But because mathematicians didn't know what an electron was, they called it a point party or

[00:09:55.360 --> 00:09:59.680] So that's fine for energy radiation.

[00:11:55.300 --> 00:12:00.900] you can't have angular momentum at the point party, so they call it spin and they wave all sorts of

[00:09:59.680 --> 00:10:03.200] But how about matter particles?

[00:12:00.900 --> 00:12:04.900] different things to make it seem as if they know what they're talking about. This really is

[00:10:03.200 --> 00:10:08.560] Well, matter particles are nothing more than photons of the appropriate wavelength.

[00:12:04.900 --> 00:12:12.900] angular momentum. And that's the relationship between mass and energy. Energy is the photon

[00:10:08.560 --> 00:10:13.520] Or appropriate energy making two revolutions to wavelengths.

[00:12:12.900 --> 00:12:19.620] zipping along with a speed of light. Mass is the same photon making two revolutions per wavelength.

[00:10:13.520 --> 00:10:20.720] And when they do that, what holds what allows them to do that is that they rotate around the

[00:12:19.620 --> 00:12:28.020] That's how they can interchange so easily. And that property gives particles all their properties,

[00:10:20.720 --> 00:10:22.160] magnetic field.

[00:12:28.020 --> 00:12:37.620] including mass. And one of the things that Einstein did work out in 1985, there's little medical

[00:10:22.160 --> 00:10:26.640] And suddenly instead of an alinear photon, the magnetic field grow open.

[00:12:37.620 --> 00:12:44.980] accharate of electromagnetic energy. He did work out that they carried momentum, or carried inertia,

[00:10:26.640 --> 00:10:32.720] When they rotate around the magnetic field, then the magnetic field of a particle is closed.

[00:12:44.980 --> 00:12:51.940] but had momentum, they had mass. I think I don't think she'd laugh. I don't know why people want to

[00:10:32.720 --> 00:10:37.920] And a closed magnetic field is much more stable than an open magnetic field.

[00:12:51.940 --> 00:12:59.620] prove Einstein wrong. Photons have mass. Now I think the reason for this is that they think our

[00:10:37.920 --> 00:10:40.320] And that's why most of the universe, for example.

[00:12:59.620 --> 00:13:06.500] Einstein special relativity corrections, anything troubling at the speed of light, have an infinite mass.

[00:10:40.320 --> 00:10:47.200] Let's say about, I think the best estimate, saying 1 percentage radiation,

[00:13:06.500 --> 00:13:14.340] The special relativity corrections only apply to photons, which aspiring. And that's just the

[00:10:47.200 --> 00:10:53.600] the other 99 percent is both on troubling in circles, making two revolutions for wavelength.

[00:13:14.340 --> 00:13:20.580] reason that is about complicated as the price vagabors is theorem. And what he was at

[00:10:53.600 --> 00:10:58.720] And it's that that gives particles all their properties.

[00:13:20.580 --> 00:13:28.420] 300 BC or something like, is not difficult. And so photons themselves always travel at the speed of light.

[00:10:58.720 --> 00:11:05.520] Now, if I may say this is a bit hairy, very, but it's been known for a long, long time,

[00:13:28.420 --> 00:13:36.100] And so the rotating photons, but on the rotating, are rotating also at the same speed of light.

[00:11:05.520 --> 00:11:09.840] that you get a particle and an anti-particle, you put them together,

[00:13:36.100 --> 00:13:43.220] And well that's one on hell of a gyroscope. And that is what it's particles. There's spin,

[00:11:09.840 --> 00:11:11.600] being two photons.

[00:13:43.220 --> 00:13:52.420] that's why it equals MC squared. And so straight forward. There you go. Really? Well. So if we go back

[00:11:11.600 --> 00:11:18.480] At the same time, you get a photon and go and hit the target, bang, a particle and an anti-particle.

[00:13:52.420 --> 00:13:58.260] a little bit there where you're saying there's no wave nature, what about the double-sid experiment

[00:11:18.480 --> 00:11:22.880] Now, that shows the relationship between the two, somehow,

[00:13:58.260 --> 00:14:03.780] and other sorts of experiments that seem to show wave properties of particles other than photons?

[00:11:22.880 --> 00:11:25.200] what the people missed.

[00:14:03.780 --> 00:14:11.220] Particles? The Royal worked out in 1985. It was both times

[00:11:25.200 --> 00:11:28.720] But what's the simple, speolation shift you can have?

[00:14:11.220 --> 00:14:22.180] if I don't behave like particles. And part of it was completely true. The actual nature of the rotating

[00:11:28.720 --> 00:11:35.440] The simplest relationship is a particle is a photon making two revolutions in one direction.

[00:14:22.180 --> 00:14:28.020] photon generates the broiling wavelength. And it has all the right properties.

[00:11:35.440 --> 00:11:40.080] An anti-particle is the same particle, making two revolutions in the other direction.

[00:14:28.020 --> 00:14:37.220] For me and to me, Einstein's special relativity theory is relatively simple. So it may

[00:11:40.080 --> 00:11:43.600] Put them together, they are not because they have mass,

[00:14:37.220 --> 00:14:45.460] be talking a little bit out of line here. But the Royal wavelength is automatically generated by

[00:11:43.600 --> 00:11:46.000] they have this thing called angular momentum,

[00:14:45.460 --> 00:14:54.020] the particle as it moves. So it's not something heighten that they hypothesize. And don't know

[00:11:46.000 --> 00:11:49.120] a great Newtonian property.

[00:14:54.020 --> 00:15:00.500] what occurs. They hypothesize that they measured it, but they don't know how it occurs. Well,

[00:11:49.120 --> 00:11:53.520] But because mathematicians didn't know what an electron was,

[00:15:00.500 --> 00:15:09.060] yeah, it's quite a fairly straightforward, but not at this level. What are the implications for

[00:11:53.520 --> 00:11:56.720] they called it a point party, or you can't have angular momentum,

[00:15:09.060 --> 00:15:14.580] this difference in understanding? So are there predictions that you would make that a different

[00:11:56.720 --> 00:12:02.480] the point particles are called it spin and the way of also to different things to make it.

[00:15:14.580 --> 00:15:21.300] to the ones that people following the standard model would make? Oh,

[00:12:02.480 --> 00:12:06.160] Seems as if they know what they're talking about, this really just angular momentum.

[00:15:21.300 --> 00:15:27.780] that's not understanding. It's a problem with the electron tunneling. Well, electron to the barrier.

[00:12:06.160 --> 00:12:11.600] And that's the relationship between mass and energy.

[00:15:27.780 --> 00:15:35.140] That's got a very simple mechanical analog. The electrons are held in what you call a very

[00:12:11.600 --> 00:12:14.800] Energy is the photon, zipping along with a speed of light.

[00:15:35.140 --> 00:15:40.980] torque field. Now, if you've got something coming up, you've got everything is a type situation.

[00:12:14.800 --> 00:12:19.920] Mass is the same photon making two revolutions per wavelength.

[00:15:40.980 --> 00:15:47.300] You come something out banging at this end. You can do a big billion balls or a trampor through

[00:12:19.920 --> 00:12:22.400] That's how they can interchange so easily.

[00:15:48.340 --> 00:15:56.340] another one or knock out. So what they call tunneling under this model, in reality,

[00:12:22.400 --> 00:12:29.200] And that property gives particles all their properties, including mass.

[00:15:56.340 --> 00:16:01.700] what they call tunneling is just really momentum exchange. So there's a little bit like one of those

[00:12:29.200 --> 00:12:35.280] And one of the things that Einstein did work out in 1985,

[00:16:01.700 --> 00:16:09.700] Newton cradles where you've got the balls on all the text by a string or a chain to a

[00:12:35.280 --> 00:12:40.320] those little medical packets of radio, electric magnetic, and energy,

[00:16:09.700 --> 00:16:15.060] four-crem over the top and one will hit the other one and transfer them momentum to the other one

[00:12:40.320 --> 00:12:44.960] he did work out that they carried momentum, or carried inertia,

[00:16:15.780 --> 00:16:25.380] without actually transferring itself. Yeah, you don't get electrons. You know, they have weight properties.

[00:12:44.960 --> 00:12:47.040] that had momentum, they had mass.

[00:16:25.380 --> 00:16:34.340] Yes, but you won't get an electron tunneling. The weight is a very fixed position with respect

[00:12:47.040 --> 00:12:49.440] I think I don't think she'd laugh.

[00:16:34.340 --> 00:16:42.100] to the electron. It's equal on either side of it. If they're tunneling in theory to reflect,

[00:12:49.440 --> 00:12:53.440] I don't know why people want to prove Einstein wrong,

[00:16:42.100 --> 00:16:48.660] then they lower the energy of the electron, the longer it's wave length. Therefore, the easier would be

[00:12:53.440 --> 00:12:55.840] photons have mass.

[00:16:48.660 --> 00:16:56.100] to tunnel. However, in the energy transfer one, the higher the energy, the greater probability

[00:12:56.480 --> 00:13:01.680] Now I think the reason for this is that they think our Einstein special relativity

[00:16:56.100 --> 00:17:01.700] will lock another electron out the other side or a simple experiment to do. Just increase the energy

[00:13:01.680 --> 00:13:04.240] corrections, anything troubling at the speed of light,

[00:17:01.700 --> 00:17:09.140] of electron coming up by a ray and see which ones go out the other end first. Is anyone set

[00:13:04.240 --> 00:13:08.960] of an infinite mass, the special relativity corrections,

[00:17:09.140 --> 00:17:15.380] up to do that? Oh, anyone could set up to do it? But a lot of laboratories could do it.

[00:13:08.960 --> 00:13:12.640] only applied to photons, which aspiring.

[00:17:15.380 --> 00:17:22.580] There's a little bit of this cycle tunneling effect is what they use in all of the micro-electronic systems.

[00:13:12.640 --> 00:13:19.120] And the reason, without it is about complicated, is the price vagabors is theorem.

[00:17:22.580 --> 00:17:30.260] And they wouldn't be a very, very simple exercise to carry that out. They may well have done

[00:13:19.120 --> 00:13:22.400] And what he was got three hundred BC or something like that,

[00:17:30.260 --> 00:17:37.140] us in the mathematicians that turn around and add it in other factors. The standard thing they do

[00:13:22.400 --> 00:13:28.400] but difficult. And so photons themselves always travel at the speed of light.

[00:17:37.140 --> 00:17:43.860] when they don't get the right answer is that they don't have a factor. I can't do that. It's physical reality,

[00:13:28.400 --> 00:13:31.760] And so the rotating photons,

[00:17:43.860 --> 00:17:48.980] it's physical reality, it's physical reality. End of story. I guess it's something to look up and see if

[00:13:31.760 --> 00:13:36.080] but on the rotating, are rotating also at the same speed of light.

[00:17:48.980 --> 00:17:54.740] someone's done those experiments and what they do with the results. I think the result, I think

[00:13:36.080 --> 00:13:39.680] And well, that's one on hell of a gyroscope.

[00:17:54.740 --> 00:17:59.300] I'm sure it has been done on the result is that the higher the energy of the electron,

[00:13:39.680 --> 00:13:43.200] And that is what it's particles. There's spin,

[00:17:59.300 --> 00:18:04.020] the greater the probability of it. And you're merging on the other side of the barrier.

[00:13:43.200 --> 00:13:46.800] that's why E equals MC squared and four straight forward.

[00:18:04.660 --> 00:18:11.620] And on the very much bigger scale are the differences in the way the universe looks for astronomy.

[00:13:46.800 --> 00:13:49.200] There you go. Really? Well, no.

[00:18:11.620 --> 00:18:19.540] Yeah, not as far as astronomy is concerned. What the astronomer's sea is what there is,

[00:13:50.880 --> 00:13:53.840] So if we go back a little bit there where you say,

[00:18:19.540 --> 00:18:25.460] no question that they're brilliant as the astronomer, most of the experimenter I say,

[00:13:53.840 --> 00:14:00.400] there's no wave nature, what about the double-sid experiment and other sorts of experiments,

[00:18:25.460 --> 00:18:32.580] they're doing a exceedingly good job. The problem becomes it interpreting what they're seeing.

[00:14:00.400 --> 00:14:03.840] it seems to show wave properties of particles other than photons?

[00:18:33.380 --> 00:18:40.340] And when it comes to the whole universe, for example, it's all based on Einstein's theory of gravity.

[00:14:03.840 --> 00:14:06.240] particles.

[00:18:40.340 --> 00:18:46.900] Well, it should be. There's more advanced than Newton's inverse squared, but for most practical purposes

[00:14:06.240 --> 00:14:09.040] The Royal worked out in 1952.

[00:18:46.900 --> 00:18:53.060] than Newton's inverse where it works quite well. The two situations where it d

[00:14:09.040 --> 00:14:14.400] But if photons, if I don't behave like particles,

[00:14:14.400 --> 00:14:16.480] and particle to behave like that,

[00:14:16.480 --> 00:14:22.800] I really think it's completely true. The actual nature of the rotating photon

[00:14:22.800 --> 00:14:28.000] generates the debriley wavelength. And it has all the right properties,

[00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:35.680] or me and to me Einstein's special and general relativity series of relatively simple.

[00:14:35.680 --> 00:14:40.160] So that may be talking a little bit out of line here.

[00:14:41.280 --> 00:14:47.280] But the nebriley wavelength is automatically generated by the particle as it moves.

[00:14:47.280 --> 00:14:51.760] So it's not something that they hypothesize.

[00:14:51.760 --> 00:14:58.000] And don't know what occurs. They hypothesize that they measured it,

[00:14:58.000 --> 00:15:02.560] but they don't know how it occurs. Well, yeah, it's quite fairly straightforward,

[00:15:02.560 --> 00:15:06.560] but not at not at this level.

[00:15:06.560 --> 00:15:10.720] What are the implications for this difference in understanding?

[00:15:11.360 --> 00:15:15.200] So are the predictions that you would make that are different to the ones

[00:15:15.200 --> 00:15:18.080] that people following the standard model would make?

[00:15:18.080 --> 00:15:25.360] Oh, my goodness. I think it's probably the electron tapping.

[00:15:25.360 --> 00:15:31.600] Well, electron to the barrow. That's got a very simple mechanical analog.

[00:15:31.600 --> 00:15:36.000] I mean, the electrons are held in what you call a very torque field.

[00:15:36.720 --> 00:15:40.960] Now, if you've got something coming up, you've got everything is a tight situation.

[00:15:40.960 --> 00:15:46.320] You come something out banging at this end. You can do it with being billied balls or

[00:15:46.320 --> 00:15:53.760] a tranquil throne. You know, one will knock out. So what they call tunneling under this model,

[00:15:53.760 --> 00:15:59.200] in reality, what they call tunneling is just really momentum exchange.

[00:15:59.200 --> 00:16:05.680] So there's a little bit like one of those hidden cradles where you've got the balls on all the

[00:16:05.680 --> 00:16:13.360] attached by a string or a chain to a full cram over the top. And one will hit the other one and transfer

[00:16:13.360 --> 00:16:18.160] the momentum to the other one without actually transferring itself.

[00:16:18.160 --> 00:16:25.360] Yeah, you don't get electrons. They have wave properties.

[00:16:25.360 --> 00:16:34.720] Yes, but you won't get an electron tunneling. The wave is a very fixed position with respect to

[00:16:34.720 --> 00:16:42.720] the electron. It's equal to an other side of it. If they're tunneling, they're very fixed. Then

[00:16:42.720 --> 00:16:48.640] the lower the energy of the electron, the longer it's wave length, therefore the easier would be

[00:16:48.640 --> 00:16:56.080] to tunnel. However, in the energy transfer one, the higher the energy, the greater probability

[00:16:56.080 --> 00:17:01.200] of locking other electron out the other side, or at a simple experiment to do, just increase the

[00:17:01.200 --> 00:17:07.440] energy of electron coming out of a barrier and see which ones go out the other end first.

[00:17:07.440 --> 00:17:09.920] Is anyone set up to do that?

[00:17:09.920 --> 00:17:15.360] Oh, anyone could set up to do it. But a lot of laboratories could do it.

[00:17:15.360 --> 00:17:21.040] Yeah, a little bit of a cycle tunneling effect is what they use in all of my

[00:17:21.040 --> 00:17:27.360] neural electronic systems. And they wouldn't, it would be a very, very simple exercise to carry

[00:17:27.360 --> 00:17:34.720] that out. They may well have done us in the mathematicians of turn around and added another factor.

[00:17:34.720 --> 00:

सेव किए गए Diffs

ऑरिजनल टेक्स्ट

फ़ाइल खोलें

C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build\bin\Release>C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build\bin\Release\main.exe -m C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build\bin\Release\ggml-model-whisper-tiny.bin -f C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build\bin\Release\diffusion2023-07-03.wav
whisper_init_from_file_no_state: loading model from 'C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build\bin\Release\ggml-model-whisper-tiny.bin'
whisper_model_load: loading model
whisper_model_load: n_vocab       = 51865
whisper_model_load: n_audio_ctx   = 1500
whisper_model_load: n_audio_state = 384
whisper_model_load: n_audio_head  = 6
whisper_model_load: n_audio_layer = 4
whisper_model_load: n_text_ctx    = 448
whisper_model_load: n_text_state  = 384
whisper_model_load: n_text_head   = 6
whisper_model_load: n_text_layer  = 4
whisper_model_load: n_mels        = 80
whisper_model_load: ftype         = 1
whisper_model_load: qntvr         = 0
whisper_model_load: type          = 1
whisper_model_load: mem required  =  201.00 MB (+    3.00 MB per decoder)
whisper_model_load: adding 1608 extra tokens
whisper_model_load: model ctx     =   73.62 MB
whisper_model_load: model size    =   73.54 MB
whisper_init_state: kv self size  =    2.62 MB
whisper_init_state: kv cross size =    8.79 MB

main: processing 'C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build\bin\Release\diffusion2023-07-03.wav' (26718958 samples, 1669.9 sec), 4 threads, 1 processors, lang = en, task = transcribe, timestamps = 1 ...

[00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.580]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:02.580 --> 00:00:07.760]   - The fusion.
[00:00:07.760 --> 00:00:09.760]   - The international science radio show.
[00:00:09.760 --> 00:00:11.960]   - We have a bouncer and the doors of theception.
[00:00:11.960 --> 00:00:13.840]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:13.840 --> 00:00:15.400]   - The good, the bad, the ugly,
[00:00:15.400 --> 00:00:16.400]   gets pretty exotic.
[00:00:16.400 --> 00:00:17.880]   The mix, the truth.
[00:00:17.880 --> 00:00:19.120]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:19.120 --> 00:00:19.960]   - Talks of codaging.
[00:00:19.960 --> 00:00:21.240]   - Astro-assize mollage.
[00:00:21.240 --> 00:00:22.760]   - Magnetism, the dark side.
[00:00:22.760 --> 00:00:25.520]   - It's genetically engineered potato and planetoid.
[00:00:25.520 --> 00:00:26.360]   - Planetoid.
[00:00:26.360 --> 00:00:27.360]   - I love that word.
[00:00:27.360 --> 00:00:28.680]   (laughing)
[00:00:28.680 --> 00:00:31.260]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:31.260 --> 00:00:34.760]   - Hello and welcome to diffusion.
[00:00:34.760 --> 00:00:37.160]   Sit back and relax while we stretch your brain
[00:00:37.160 --> 00:00:39.640]   with weird and wonderful science.
[00:00:39.640 --> 00:00:41.480]   I'm Ian Wolf.
[00:00:41.480 --> 00:00:43.560]   On this edition, Dr. Viv Robinson
[00:00:43.560 --> 00:00:45.400]   rewrites cosmology.
[00:00:45.400 --> 00:00:48.360]   But first up, he's news of two massive galaxies
[00:00:48.360 --> 00:00:50.840]   that might be older than the big bang.
[00:00:50.840 --> 00:00:53.260]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:53.940 --> 00:00:56.500]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:56.500 --> 00:01:08.500]   - Galaxies, too massive.
[00:01:08.500 --> 00:01:10.540]   Astronomers from the Swinburne University
[00:01:10.540 --> 00:01:12.220]   of Technology in Melbourne,
[00:01:12.220 --> 00:01:14.540]   using the James Webb Space Telescope,
[00:01:14.540 --> 00:01:16.620]   have observed six galaxies
[00:01:16.620 --> 00:01:20.940]   that formed in the universe's first 700 million years,
[00:01:20.940 --> 00:01:24.700]   appear to be up to a hundred times more massive
[00:01:24.700 --> 00:01:28.340]   than our best theories say can possibly exist.
[00:01:28.340 --> 00:01:31.420]   Astronomers, Ivo, Lube, and his colleagues,
[00:01:31.420 --> 00:01:33.100]   wrote in his paper,
[00:01:33.100 --> 00:01:35.300]   adding up the stars in those galaxies,
[00:01:35.300 --> 00:01:37.620]   it would exceed the total amount of mass available
[00:01:37.620 --> 00:01:39.860]   in the universe at that time.
[00:01:39.860 --> 00:01:42.140]   There's too much mass and not enough time
[00:01:42.140 --> 00:01:43.700]   for it to get together.
[00:01:43.700 --> 00:01:45.860]   The galaxies must have had much longer
[00:01:45.860 --> 00:01:48.380]   than the 700 million years after the big bang
[00:01:48.380 --> 00:01:50.860]   that are standin' well of the universe gives them,
[00:01:50.860 --> 00:01:54.260]   and the universe must have had more massive available,
[00:01:54.260 --> 00:01:58.340]   or galaxies must form differently than what we think.
[00:01:58.340 --> 00:02:01.740]   The big bang is currently thought to have started everything
[00:02:01.740 --> 00:02:05.580]   13.77 billion years ago.
[00:02:05.580 --> 00:02:10.580]   And these galaxies, we're watching them at 0.77 billion years ago
[00:02:10.580 --> 00:02:13.380]   because they're so far away.
[00:02:13.380 --> 00:02:15.820]   Galaxies are thought to accumulate gas,
[00:02:15.820 --> 00:02:19.740]   moved together by giant clumps of dark matter in their region.
[00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:23.140]   Generally, only about 10% of the gas in the galaxy
[00:02:23.140 --> 00:02:25.460]   ignites to make a star.
[00:02:25.460 --> 00:02:27.780]   For galaxies in the remotest parts of the universe
[00:02:27.780 --> 00:02:29.100]   with the gases thin,
[00:02:29.100 --> 00:02:32.620]   it takes a long time to accumulate this much gas
[00:02:32.620 --> 00:02:34.500]   for this many stars.
[00:02:34.500 --> 00:02:38.540]   These six galaxies, however, have so many stars
[00:02:38.540 --> 00:02:41.500]   adding up to so much mass
[00:02:41.500 --> 00:02:43.740]   that all of the gas in each galaxy
[00:02:43.740 --> 00:02:47.980]   had to have become a hundred percent converted into stars.
[00:02:47.980 --> 00:02:50.380]   In the 700 million years,
[00:02:50.380 --> 00:02:52.940]   since the universe started in the big bang,
[00:02:52.940 --> 00:02:56.700]   under our current understanding, this is impossible.
[00:02:56.700 --> 00:02:59.380]   It suggests something in our understanding
[00:02:59.380 --> 00:03:01.180]   of the cosmos is wrong.
[00:03:01.180 --> 00:03:04.420]   Are we wrong about how to calculate astronomical masses,
[00:03:04.420 --> 00:03:07.220]   galaxy formation, dark matter,
[00:03:07.220 --> 00:03:10.740]   and the big bang, and the age of the universe?
[00:03:10.740 --> 00:03:13.980]   An astronomer from the cosmic dawn center in Denmark
[00:03:13.980 --> 00:03:15.660]   used the James Webb telescope,
[00:03:15.660 --> 00:03:19.220]   called Closer galaxies, and then used the very high resolution
[00:03:19.220 --> 00:03:22.180]   of that telescope to calculate the mass
[00:03:22.180 --> 00:03:24.620]   more precisely with the different method
[00:03:24.620 --> 00:03:27.420]   and found that these galaxies are three to 10 times
[00:03:27.420 --> 00:03:29.860]   more massive than we previously thought.
[00:03:29.860 --> 00:03:32.820]   Applying this more accurate technique to the six galaxies
[00:03:32.820 --> 00:03:35.820]   that a 13 billion light years away
[00:03:35.820 --> 00:03:38.220]   would increase their mass,
[00:03:38.220 --> 00:03:43.100]   which makes it much worse than what we thought.
[00:03:43.100 --> 00:03:47.580]   The paper was titled, "A Population of Red Canada Massive Galaxies",
[00:03:47.580 --> 00:03:51.140]   approximately 600 million years after the big bang,
[00:03:51.140 --> 00:03:53.500]   and was published in the journal Nature.
[00:03:53.500 --> 00:03:56.100]   (upbeat music)
[00:04:10.380 --> 00:04:14.140]   ΓÖ¬ The oldest name to animals on diffusion science radio ΓÖ¬
[00:04:14.140 --> 00:04:17.820]   ΓÖ¬ Cindy Males to science at diffusionradio.com ΓÖ¬
[00:04:17.820 --> 00:04:19.700]   ΓÖ¬ Where brought to you across Australia ΓÖ¬
[00:04:19.700 --> 00:04:21.740]   ΓÖ¬ On the community radio network ΓÖ¬
[00:04:21.740 --> 00:04:23.900]   ΓÖ¬ And podcast over the internet ΓÖ¬
[00:04:23.900 --> 00:04:27.700]   ΓÖ¬ On WWE.fusionradio.com ΓÖ¬
[00:04:27.700 --> 00:04:30.380]   ΓÖ¬ Challenging physics ΓÖ¬
[00:04:30.380 --> 00:04:34.420]   ΓÖ¬ Nitten said everything is either a particle or a wave ΓÖ¬
[00:04:34.420 --> 00:04:37.020]   ΓÖ¬ Faraday and Maxwell added fields ΓÖ¬
[00:04:37.020 --> 00:04:39.140]   ΓÖ¬ Einstein added space time ΓÖ¬
[00:04:39.140 --> 00:04:42.460]   ΓÖ¬ Quantum physics as everything is made of quanta ΓÖ¬
[00:04:42.460 --> 00:04:44.420]   ΓÖ¬ Which have the properties of both waves ΓÖ¬
[00:04:44.420 --> 00:04:46.780]   ΓÖ¬ And particles but is neither. ΓÖ¬
[00:04:46.780 --> 00:04:49.700]   Quantum mechanics has no explanation for gravity ΓÖ¬
[00:04:49.700 --> 00:04:53.420]   ΓÖ¬ And relativity doesn't account for the quantum world ΓÖ¬
[00:04:53.420 --> 00:04:57.660]   ΓÖ¬ There's a contradiction between our most basic explanations of the universe ΓÖ¬
[00:04:57.660 --> 00:05:02.980]   Dr. Viv Robinson was the first person to create a physical explanation of Einstein's gravity ΓÖ¬
[00:05:02.980 --> 00:05:06.900]   ΓÖ¬ in a paper published in the journal physics communications ΓÖ¬
[00:05:06.900 --> 00:05:13.860]   He's made corrections to people's extensions of Einstein's mathematics and has a different way to interpret those mathematics ΓÖ¬
[00:05:13.860 --> 00:05:16.660]   ΓÖ¬ that gives a different picture of the age of the universe ΓÖ¬
[00:05:16.660 --> 00:05:19.780]   ΓÖ¬ and a different way of looking at how the physics works ΓÖ¬
[00:05:19.780 --> 00:05:24.340]   ΓÖ¬ From the standard model of quantum physics to big bang cosmology ΓÖ¬
[00:05:24.340 --> 00:05:31.340]   Everything, including you and me, is made of light. It's a very big and very bold claim.
[00:05:31.340 --> 00:05:35.540]   I spoke to Dr. Viv Robinson by Zoom and began by asking him,
[00:05:35.540 --> 00:05:38.260]   "What is the universe made of?"
[00:05:38.260 --> 00:05:43.220]   And, oh, stop of the universe, or like entity.
[00:05:43.220 --> 00:05:47.300]   I won't call it items because one of them is absolutely nothing.
[00:05:47.300 --> 00:05:53.300]   The first thing to do, all the mass and all the energy is made up of photons.
[00:05:53.300 --> 00:05:56.740]   There are little packets of electromagnetic energy,
[00:05:56.740 --> 00:06:01.780]   situated by Maxwell and Planck and proven by Einstein.
[00:06:01.780 --> 00:06:06.900]   They come in at many different sizes, shapes, which make,
[00:06:06.900 --> 00:06:09.860]   but they make up all the mass and energy of the universe.
[00:06:09.860 --> 00:06:14.900]   The volume is made up by empty space, absolutely nothing.
[00:06:14.900 --> 00:06:19.220]   But it's the properties of the space that are important.
[00:06:19.220 --> 00:06:23.460]   But the first important property is that can transmit photons,
[00:06:23.460 --> 00:06:30.020]   electromagnetic radiation, and it does this through two its properties, electric
[00:06:30.020 --> 00:06:33.460]   permutivity, and magnetic permeability.
[00:06:33.460 --> 00:06:38.820]   And it's those properties which then transmit all of the fields.
[00:06:38.820 --> 00:06:41.700]   So that's really all it is.
[00:06:41.700 --> 00:06:47.540]   There are only two stars, and of course, because the both are physical things,
[00:06:47.540 --> 00:06:51.380]   and space is just the absence of everything, but it's property.
[00:06:51.380 --> 00:06:54.020]   It's properties are what is important about it.
[00:06:55.300 --> 00:07:00.900]   And that's a little bit different to what you might hear from a quantum physics class
[00:07:00.900 --> 00:07:05.780]   where they talk about space being full of virtual particles coming into and out of existence
[00:07:05.780 --> 00:07:09.780]   that it's not totally empty or sometimes they say it's full of fields.
[00:07:09.780 --> 00:07:13.860]   The fields of every force is in there, and things are coming up all the time.
[00:07:13.860 --> 00:07:18.580]   So if you go very fast, you'll interact with the fields, all the virtual particles, and you'll get radiation.
[00:07:19.540 --> 00:07:26.820]   Yeah, so the unfortunate part is that physics was doing exceedingly well under Newtonian mechanics
[00:07:26.820 --> 00:07:33.860]   and exceedingly well under Maxwell mechanics, but as things get smaller and smaller,
[00:07:33.860 --> 00:07:38.580]   you get to a stage where things aren't continuous.
[00:07:38.580 --> 00:07:43.460]   I mean, you didn't work well, anything that's continuous, but eventually you get this stage where
[00:07:44.500 --> 00:07:49.540]   the droplet of water is fine and has a surface tension evaporates in left of one molecule of water.
[00:07:49.540 --> 00:07:53.460]   That doesn't behave the same as bulk water.
[00:07:53.460 --> 00:08:00.420]   Then into that molecule you go hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and they behave nothing like water.
[00:08:00.420 --> 00:08:05.300]   And then you get what they're made up of, products, new drugs and electrons, and they have completely
[00:08:05.300 --> 00:08:10.260]   different properties from bulk water. So quantum mechanics and things get quantized.
[00:08:11.540 --> 00:08:18.500]   You get the smallest quantity you can get, and that has very, very different properties from the bulk.
[00:08:18.500 --> 00:08:27.140]   And what has happened in the past is that the early on in quantum mechanics,
[00:08:27.140 --> 00:08:31.540]   then Batman, like, Iraq, and sure to get. They didn't know what and put the structure with
[00:08:31.540 --> 00:08:38.580]   an electron, what's, although they knew it had waves properties.
[00:08:38.580 --> 00:08:43.620]   And so all they did was they attributed it to a way, a way property to it.
[00:08:43.620 --> 00:08:50.260]   Now waves have been aroundy-dove particles. You can manipulate them almost forever with all sorts of
[00:08:50.260 --> 00:08:59.540]   different transforms and to get the answer you want. And that gave some confidence to quantum mechanics
[00:08:59.540 --> 00:09:07.220]   guys that yes, waves work and they've been using that forever. And all I'm saying no, no, no, no,
[00:09:07.220 --> 00:09:17.620]   everything is particles. And the particles have specific properties and you can't manipulate those properties
[00:09:17.620 --> 00:09:24.740]   for your quantum certain extent. But they are what they are. And it's when you know what those properties
[00:09:24.740 --> 00:09:32.340]   are, the whole quantum mechanics becomes much simpler, you don't need any of that phoemysome stuff to get
[00:09:32.340 --> 00:09:38.500]   to explain where we want to explain. I mentioned that there are many different forms of
[00:09:38.500 --> 00:09:46.980]   photons, and the photons are electromagnetic radiation with electric fields, they are magnetic field
[00:09:46.980 --> 00:09:52.500]   perpendicular to the whole lot of travels, and the speed of life in the third dimension. And there
[00:09:52.500 --> 00:10:03.220]   many, many variations of that. So that's fine for energy radiation. But how about matter particles?
[00:10:03.220 --> 00:10:08.420]   Well, matter particles are nothing more than photons of the appropriate wavelengths,
[00:10:08.420 --> 00:10:15.540]   or appropriate energy making two revolutions to wavelengths. And when they do that, what
[00:10:15.540 --> 00:10:23.780]   whole allows them to do that is that they rotate around the magnetic field. And suddenly instead of
[00:10:23.780 --> 00:10:30.100]   in an alinear photon, magnetic field grow open, when they rotate around the magnetic field,
[00:10:30.100 --> 00:10:36.340]   then the magnetic field of a particle is closed and a closed magnetic field is much more stable
[00:10:36.340 --> 00:10:41.540]   than an open magnetic field. And that's why most of the universe, for example, when
[00:10:42.740 --> 00:10:48.980]   less about, I think the best estimate is seen, one percentage radiation, the other 99 percent
[00:10:48.980 --> 00:10:57.060]   is photons troubling in circles, making two revolutions for wavelengths. And it's that that gives
[00:10:57.060 --> 00:11:03.860]   particles or their properties. Now, if I may say this is a bit hairy theory, but it's been known
[00:11:03.860 --> 00:11:09.860]   for a long long time that you get a particle and an adiparticle and you put them together,
[00:11:09.860 --> 00:11:17.300]   being two photons. At the same time you get a photon and go and hit the target bang a particle on
[00:11:17.300 --> 00:11:22.900]   any particle. Now that shows the relationship between the two, somehow,
[00:11:22.900 --> 00:11:30.660]   what the people missed. But what the simple relationship you can have, the simplest relationship is
[00:11:30.660 --> 00:11:38.020]   a particle is a photon making two revolutions in one direction, an adiparticle is the same particle
[00:11:38.020 --> 00:11:43.700]   making two revolutions in the other direction. But together they are not because they have mass,
[00:11:43.700 --> 00:11:49.060]   they have this thing called angular momentum, which you know, great Newtonian property.
[00:11:49.060 --> 00:11:55.300]   But because mathematicians didn't know what an electron was, they called it a point party or
[00:11:55.300 --> 00:12:00.900]   you can't have angular momentum at the point party, so they call it spin and they wave all sorts of
[00:12:00.900 --> 00:12:04.900]   different things to make it seem as if they know what they're talking about. This really is
[00:12:04.900 --> 00:12:12.900]   angular momentum. And that's the relationship between mass and energy. Energy is the photon
[00:12:12.900 --> 00:12:19.620]   zipping along with a speed of light. Mass is the same photon making two revolutions per wavelength.
[00:12:19.620 --> 00:12:28.020]   That's how they can interchange so easily. And that property gives particles all their properties,
[00:12:28.020 --> 00:12:37.620]   including mass. And one of the things that Einstein did work out in 1985, there's little medical
[00:12:37.620 --> 00:12:44.980]  accharate of electromagnetic energy. He did work out that they carried momentum, or carried inertia,
[00:12:44.980 --> 00:12:51.940]   but had momentum, they had mass. I think I don't think she'd laugh. I don't know why people want to
[00:12:51.940 --> 00:12:59.620]   prove Einstein wrong. Photons have mass. Now I think the reason for this is that they think our
[00:12:59.620 --> 00:13:06.500]   Einstein special relativity corrections, anything troubling at the speed of light, have an infinite mass.
[00:13:06.500 --> 00:13:14.340]   The special relativity corrections only apply to photons, which aspiring. And that's just the
[00:13:14.340 --> 00:13:20.580]   reason that is about complicated as the price vagabors is theorem. And what he was at
[00:13:20.580 --> 00:13:28.420]   300 BC or something like, is not difficult. And so photons themselves always travel at the speed of light.
[00:13:28.420 --> 00:13:36.100]   And so the rotating photons, but on the rotating, are rotating also at the same speed of light.
[00:13:36.100 --> 00:13:43.220]   And well that's one on hell of a gyroscope. And that is what it's particles. There's spin,
[00:13:43.220 --> 00:13:52.420]   that's why it equals MC squared. And so straight forward. There you go. Really? Well. So if we go back
[00:13:52.420 --> 00:13:58.260]   a little bit there where you're saying there's no wave nature, what about the double-sid experiment
[00:13:58.260 --> 00:14:03.780]   and other sorts of experiments that seem to show wave properties of particles other than photons?
[00:14:03.780 --> 00:14:11.220]   Particles? The Royal worked out in 1985. It was both times
[00:14:11.220 --> 00:14:22.180]   if I don't behave like particles. And part of it was completely true. The actual nature of the rotating
[00:14:22.180 --> 00:14:28.020]   photon generates the broiling wavelength. And it has all the right properties.
[00:14:28.020 --> 00:14:37.220]   For me and to me, Einstein's special relativity theory is relatively simple. So it may
[00:14:37.220 --> 00:14:45.460]   be talking a little bit out of line here. But the Royal wavelength is automatically generated by
[00:14:45.460 --> 00:14:54.020]   the particle as it moves. So it's not something heighten that they hypothesize. And don't know
[00:14:54.020 --> 00:15:00.500]   what occurs. They hypothesize that they measured it, but they don't know how it occurs. Well,
[00:15:00.500 --> 00:15:09.060]   yeah, it's quite a fairly straightforward, but not at this level. What are the implications for
[00:15:09.060 --> 00:15:14.580]   this difference in understanding? So are there predictions that you would make that a different
[00:15:14.580 --> 00:15:21.300]   to the ones that people following the standard model would make? Oh,
[00:15:21.300 --> 00:15:27.780]   that's not understanding. It's a problem with the electron tunneling. Well, electron to the barrier.
[00:15:27.780 --> 00:15:35.140]   That's got a very simple mechanical analog. The electrons are held in what you call a very
[00:15:35.140 --> 00:15:40.980]   torque field. Now, if you've got something coming up, you've got everything is a type situation.
[00:15:40.980 --> 00:15:47.300]   You come something out banging at this end. You can do a big billion balls or a trampor through
[00:15:48.340 --> 00:15:56.340]   another one or knock out. So what they call tunneling under this model, in reality,
[00:15:56.340 --> 00:16:01.700]   what they call tunneling is just really momentum exchange. So there's a little bit like one of those
[00:16:01.700 --> 00:16:09.700]   Newton cradles where you've got the balls on all the text by a string or a chain to a
[00:16:09.700 --> 00:16:15.060]   four-crem over the top and one will hit the other one and transfer them momentum to the other one
[00:16:15.780 --> 00:16:25.380]   without actually transferring itself. Yeah, you don't get electrons. You know, they have weight properties.
[00:16:25.380 --> 00:16:34.340]   Yes, but you won't get an electron tunneling. The weight is a very fixed position with respect
[00:16:34.340 --> 00:16:42.100]   to the electron. It's equal on either side of it. If they're tunneling in theory to reflect,
[00:16:42.100 --> 00:16:48.660]   then they lower the energy of the electron, the longer it's wave length. Therefore, the easier would be
[00:16:48.660 --> 00:16:56.100]   to tunnel. However, in the energy transfer one, the higher the energy, the greater probability
[00:16:56.100 --> 00:17:01.700]   will lock another electron out the other side or a simple experiment to do. Just increase the energy
[00:17:01.700 --> 00:17:09.140]   of electron coming up by a ray and see which ones go out the other end first. Is anyone set
[00:17:09.140 --> 00:17:15.380]   up to do that? Oh, anyone could set up to do it? But a lot of laboratories could do it.
[00:17:15.380 --> 00:17:22.580]   There's a little bit of this cycle tunneling effect is what they use in all of the micro-electronic systems.
[00:17:22.580 --> 00:17:30.260]   And they wouldn't be a very, very simple exercise to carry that out. They may well have done
[00:17:30.260 --> 00:17:37.140]   us in the mathematicians that turn around and add it in other factors. The standard thing they do
[00:17:37.140 --> 00:17:43.860]   when they don't get the right answer is that they don't have a factor. I can't do that. It's physical reality,
[00:17:43.860 --> 00:17:48.980]   it's physical reality, it's physical reality. End of story. I guess it's something to look up and see if
[00:17:48.980 --> 00:17:54.740]   someone's done those experiments and what they do with the results. I think the result, I think
[00:17:54.740 --> 00:17:59.300]   I'm sure it has been done on the result is that the higher the energy of the electron,
[00:17:59.300 --> 00:18:04.020]   the greater the probability of it. And you're merging on the other side of the barrier.
[00:18:04.660 --> 00:18:11.620]   And on the very much bigger scale are the differences in the way the universe looks for astronomy.
[00:18:11.620 --> 00:18:19.540]   Yeah, not as far as astronomy is concerned. What the astronomer's sea is what there is,
[00:18:19.540 --> 00:18:25.460]   no question that they're brilliant as the astronomer, most of the experimenter I say,
[00:18:25.460 --> 00:18:32.580]   they're doing a exceedingly good job. The problem becomes it interpreting what they're seeing.
[00:18:33.380 --> 00:18:40.340]   And when it comes to the whole universe, for example, it's all based on Einstein's theory of gravity.
[00:18:40.340 --> 00:18:46.900]   Well, it should be. There's more advanced than Newton's inverse squared, but for most practical purposes
[00:18:46.900 --> 00:18:53.060]   than Newton's inverse where it works quite well. The two situations where it doesn't work,
[00:18:53.060 --> 00:18:57.300]   when the mass is so large, like the mass of the sun or the mass of the sun or the mass of the sun,
[00:18:59.140 --> 00:19:06.900]   or the Sagittarius A with the planet or star S, to going around it. And that's one situation.
[00:19:06.900 --> 00:19:15.060]   The reason why a planet or my Mercury is orbit presources in its direction of travel
[00:19:15.060 --> 00:19:21.060]   is simply that gravity, when mass is strong enough, gravity actually becomes weakening in the
[00:19:21.060 --> 00:19:28.500]   square. And that's one other thing to get when you solve our advanced gravity very accurately. It becomes
[00:19:28.500 --> 00:19:34.340]   weakening in the square. Now when it's weak, it's weakening in the square. Mercury travels a little
[00:19:34.340 --> 00:19:41.540]   bit closer to the sun and is attracted by a slightly stronger force, so it'll arrive back at a
[00:19:41.540 --> 00:19:49.140]   very helium point, got a little later. And it'll pre-cess its direction of travel. And Newton pointed
[00:19:49.140 --> 00:19:57.620]   about out in 1687. So I don't know why they didn't sort of work it out correctly. But gravity is weak
[00:19:57.620 --> 00:20:03.060]   in inverse where is the solution to our advanced gravity. And the other thing is that when gravity
[00:20:03.060 --> 00:20:11.620]   an infinite steady state universe under Newton's theory of gravity in inverse square will collapse
[00:20:11.620 --> 00:20:19.540]   the reason being that the robot will be going to have a density mass increases as our cubed gravity
[00:20:19.540 --> 00:20:26.580]   decreases as our square. So eventually you get to the stage where gravity just dominates a mass
[00:20:26.580 --> 00:20:32.820]   and it collapses. But gravity is weak of an inverse square and I just tried to show you the
[00:20:32.820 --> 00:20:37.700]   Mercury is pre-cessing orbit because the sun's gravity is weak of an inverse square,
[00:20:37.700 --> 00:20:42.900]   we all enterprise to all gravity. If there's nothing special about our sun, except that's keeping
[00:20:42.900 --> 00:20:50.740]   all of us alive on this planet. When you have an infinite steady state universe, if gravity is
[00:20:50.740 --> 00:20:57.940]   weak in inverse square, it depends relatively weaker over long distances. I'm talking typically
[00:20:57.940 --> 00:21:05.940]   10 billion light years or something like that maybe more. But that means an infinite steady state
[00:21:05.940 --> 00:21:13.300]   universe when collapse. It's a huge, huge difference that's the biggest thing mind you what
[00:21:13.300 --> 00:21:20.900]   differences are make to us here on Earth. It means you'll wear it as seeing galaxies, fully born
[00:21:20.900 --> 00:21:26.740]   galaxies 20 billion light years away. Don't make a script of different stories. It's far as
[00:21:26.740 --> 00:21:34.180]   understanding how the universe works. That mistake and the simple, the simple mistake that they
[00:21:34.180 --> 00:21:41.780]   know, the normal mathematicians were made, Einstein introduced approximations. He couldn't solve
[00:21:41.780 --> 00:21:50.580]   the gravity exactly himself. I have no problem solving his gravity exactly. But he introduced
[00:21:50.580 --> 00:21:58.740]   the approximation one over one plus x, a property equals one minus x. You know, when x is 10 to the
[00:21:58.740 --> 00:22:07.140]   minus 7 on which is 10 to the minus 8, that's a good approximation. You just read his paper, he said so.
[00:22:07.140 --> 00:22:13.220]   And you read the mathematics, you don't even read the German version, look at the mathematics,
[00:22:13.220 --> 00:22:19.300]   he said so. And you just were working out. That was the difference. All of their exact
[00:22:19.300 --> 00:22:26.420]   solutions to Einstein's gravity, they took, he used the approximation. He derived a bigger
[00:22:26.420 --> 00:22:33.620]   one plus one over x, equivalent of that. And then he rather than do that, he equated the one minus x,
[00:22:33.620 --> 00:22:43.620]   which is true. One plus a one million is 999 million. Why did I do that idea?
[00:22:43.620 --> 00:22:52.180]   Mind you, it'd be interesting trying to find out why. I think it is a mathematician of repute.
[00:22:52.980 --> 00:23:00.820]   It says one thing. I will agree that I'm my first reading Einstein's relativity theory. You think,
[00:23:00.820 --> 00:23:06.580]   oh my god. Really? You could eat it again this time, then. Then you get any stuff.
[00:23:06.580 --> 00:23:15.460]   It's not that difficult. I think most of them had a solution. Somebody came up with a solution to Einstein's
[00:23:15.460 --> 00:23:19.940]   growing everybody just followed it and nobody. And this is the big thing that I
[00:23:20.980 --> 00:23:26.420]   thought. And it was stressed to everybody. Don't take somebody's word for go back and check,
[00:23:26.420 --> 00:23:34.020]   be a region on yourself. And I've seen a few times when people have made terrible terrible mistakes.
[00:23:34.020 --> 00:23:40.980]   But this would probably be the biggest one, the whole field of cosmology. Sorry. Astronomy,
[00:23:40.980 --> 00:23:48.020]   that you guys are great. Thanks Uncle Sam for providing us with all this information.
[00:23:48.580 --> 00:23:53.860]   That was part one of my interview with Dr. Viv Robinson. You heard Viv say that matter is made of
[00:23:53.860 --> 00:23:59.140]   photons moving in circles. Physicists took Einstein's proxamations as gospel instead of using the
[00:23:59.140 --> 00:24:05.540]   exact solutions available with lay the mathematics. Gravity changes to be weaker over distances
[00:24:05.540 --> 00:24:14.260]   and the universe isn't expanding. Listen next week for part two. If you have any questions for Dr. Robinson,
[00:24:14.260 --> 00:24:20.580]   he'd love to answer them on the show. So send your questions to science@defusionradio.com.
[00:24:20.580 --> 00:24:26.500]   If you're in Darlinghurst this Wednesday night, the 5th of July, I will be part of the line-up of
[00:24:26.500 --> 00:24:34.260]   scientists speaking at future science talks at the East Village. Go to www.futuresciencetalks.com.au
[00:24:34.260 --> 00:24:39.060]   to grab a ticket and come up and say hello. And if you can't make it Wednesday night,
[00:24:39.460 --> 00:24:46.020]   I'll keep you posted on some future talks I'll be giving. And that's all from us this week on diffusion.
[00:24:46.020 --> 00:24:51.140]   Are you a scientist, artist, biohakeral maker who'd like to be interviewed about your work?
[00:24:51.140 --> 00:24:56.740]   Would your company like to sponsor diffusion? Send your contributions, opinions,
[00:24:56.740 --> 00:25:05.300]   helpful suggestions and donations to science@defusionradio.com. That's science@defusionradio.com.
[00:25:05.300 --> 00:25:13.620]   Please subscribe to the diffusion science radio channel on youtube.com/c/defusionradio and rate the show on
[00:25:13.620 --> 00:25:20.980]   iTunes. Tell your friends follow me on Twitter @eanwolf. The news music was
[00:25:20.980 --> 00:25:28.340]   rhinosteen by Kevin McLeod of Incompetake.com. I produced a fusion which is broadcast around Australia
[00:25:28.340 --> 00:25:33.700]   to 28 stations on the community radio network, including Radio Blue Mountains,
[00:25:33.700 --> 00:25:41.300]   899.1 FM and NSW. 8 triple C in L springs and 10 in Creek. 2 MVR and Nambac Ave,
[00:25:41.300 --> 00:25:46.580]   3 MVR and the Mellie Board of Districts of Victoria and South Australia. City Park Radio,
[00:25:46.580 --> 00:25:56.500]   7Ltn in Moncestentazmania and 2WX FM in Cambro. Diffusion is now a cast on Indigo FM 88 in Northeastern
[00:25:56.500 --> 00:26:04.900]   Victoria. Diffusion is syndicated globally on astronomy.fm. Subscribe to the podcast on the diffusion website
[00:26:04.900 --> 00:26:13.460]   www.fusionradio.com. That's www.defusionradio.com and check the website for links, photos,
[00:26:13.460 --> 00:26:19.380]   and videos about this week's show. If you enjoyed the show, you can explore more than a thousand
[00:26:19.380 --> 00:26:26.660]   previous episodes, archived on diffusionradio.com, where the shows are labeled by keywords, so you can
[00:26:26.660 --> 00:26:35.700]   focus in on the stories you want to hear. Make a donation through PayPal.me/EMW or join my patrons
[00:26:35.700 --> 00:26:45.620]   at patreon.com/diffusionradio. I'm EMW, join us inside your audio device of choice for more science
[00:26:45.620 --> 00:26:55.220]   wondering next week. On diffusion science radio. Science is fun. It helps you to learn to know and to appreciate.
[00:26:55.220 --> 00:27:00.900]   When you study science you may go on field trips. You discover the marvelous interrelationships
[00:27:00.900 --> 00:27:06.500]   between all living things. You learn to read the history of the earth as it is written in
[00:27:06.500 --> 00:27:14.420]   rocks and fossils. You find out what makes things tick. Everything from a molecule to a living organism.
[00:27:14.420 --> 00:27:20.500]   In the study of science is found the most useful and satisfying knowledge of man. Knowledge of his
[00:27:20.500 --> 00:27:27.140]   physical world is past its present and its future. And in your moments of relaxation, now and in the
[00:27:27.140 --> 00:27:33.140]   years to come, you will find the study of science leading you into fascinating pursuits, photography,
[00:27:35.380 --> 00:27:46.660]   and collecting. Why study science? Study science because you will find in the study of science a
[00:27:46.660 --> 00:27:49.300]   richer, more rewarding life.

whisper_print_timings:     load time =   203.61 ms
whisper_print_timings:     fallbacks =   1 p /   0 h
whisper_print_timings:      mel time =  6721.42 ms
whisper_print_timings:   sample time =  3400.33 ms /  5716 runs (    0.59 ms per run)
whisper_print_timings:   encode time = 27305.62 ms /    64 runs (  426.65 ms per run)
whisper_print_timings:   decode time = 23751.67 ms /  5715 runs (    4.16 ms per run)
whisper_print_timings:    total time = 61535.10 ms

परिवर्तित टेक्स्ट

फ़ाइल खोलें

C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build_new\bin\Release>C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build_new\bin\Release\main.exe -m C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build_new\bin\Release\ggml-model-whisper-tiny.bin -f C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build_new\bin\Release\diffusion2023-07-03.wav
whisper_init_from_file_no_state: loading model from 'C:\Users\qianp\Downloads\whisper_build_new\bin\Release\ggml-model-whisper-tiny.bin'
whisper_model_load: loading model
whisper_model_load: n_vocab       = 51865
whisper_model_load: n_audio_ctx   = 1500
whisper_model_load: n_audio_state = 384
whisper_model_load: n_audio_head  = 6
whisper_model_load: n_audio_layer = 4
whisper_model_load: n_text_ctx    = 448
whisper_model_load: n_text_state  = 384
whisper_model_load: n_text_head   = 6
whisper_model_load: n_text_layer  = 4
whisper_model_load: n_mels        = 80
whisper_model_load: ftype         = 1
whisper_model_load: qntvr         = 0
whisper_model_load: type          = 1
whisper_model_load: mem required  =  201.00 MB (+    3.00 MB per decoder)
whisper_model_load: adding 1608 extra tokens
whisper_model_load: model ctx     =   73.62 MB
whisper_model_load: model size    =   73.54 MB
whisper_init_state: kv self size  =    2.62 MB
whisper_init_state: kv cross size =    8.79 MB

[00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.580]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:02.580 --> 00:00:07.760]   - The fusion.
[00:00:07.760 --> 00:00:09.760]   - The international science radio show.
[00:00:09.760 --> 00:00:11.960]   - We have a bouncer and the doors of theception.
[00:00:11.960 --> 00:00:13.840]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:13.840 --> 00:00:15.400]   - The good, the bad, the ugly,
[00:00:15.400 --> 00:00:16.400]   gets pretty exotic.
[00:00:16.400 --> 00:00:17.880]   The mix, the truth.
[00:00:17.880 --> 00:00:19.120]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:19.120 --> 00:00:19.960]   - Talks of codaging.
[00:00:19.960 --> 00:00:21.240]   - Astro-assize mollage.
[00:00:21.240 --> 00:00:22.760]   - Magnetic of the dark side.
[00:00:22.760 --> 00:00:25.520]   - It's genetically engineered potato and planetoid.
[00:00:25.520 --> 00:00:26.360]   - Planetoid.
[00:00:26.360 --> 00:00:27.360]   - I love that word.
[00:00:27.360 --> 00:00:28.680]   (laughing)
[00:00:28.680 --> 00:00:31.260]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:31.260 --> 00:00:34.760]   - Hello and welcome to diffusion.
[00:00:34.760 --> 00:00:37.160]   Sit back and relax while we stretch your brain
[00:00:37.160 --> 00:00:39.640]   with weird and wonderful science.
[00:00:39.640 --> 00:00:41.480]   I'm Ian Wolf.
[00:00:41.480 --> 00:00:43.560]   On this edition, Dr. Viv Robinson
[00:00:43.560 --> 00:00:45.400]   rewrites cosmology.
[00:00:45.400 --> 00:00:48.360]   But first up, he's news of two massive galaxies
[00:00:48.360 --> 00:00:50.840]   that might be older than the big bang.
[00:00:50.840 --> 00:00:53.280]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:56.440]   (upbeat music)
[00:00:56.440 --> 00:01:06.920]   - Galaxies?
[00:01:06.920 --> 00:01:08.520]   - Too massive.
[00:01:08.520 --> 00:01:10.560]   - Astronomers from the Swinburne University
[00:01:10.560 --> 00:01:12.240]   of Technology in Melbourne,
[00:01:12.240 --> 00:01:14.560]   using the James Webb Space Telescope,
[00:01:14.560 --> 00:01:16.640]   have observed six galaxies
[00:01:16.640 --> 00:01:20.960]   that formed in the universe's first 700 million years,
[00:01:20.960 --> 00:01:24.680]   appear to be up to a hundred times more massive
[00:01:24.680 --> 00:01:28.320]   than our best theories say can possibly exist.
[00:01:28.320 --> 00:01:31.400]   Astronomers, Ivo, Lube, and his colleagues,
[00:01:31.400 --> 00:01:33.120]   wrote in his paper,
[00:01:33.120 --> 00:01:35.280]   adding up the stars in those galaxies,
[00:01:35.280 --> 00:01:37.640]   it would exceed the total amount of mass available
[00:01:37.640 --> 00:01:39.840]   in the universe at that time.
[00:01:39.840 --> 00:01:42.120]   There's too much mass and not enough time
[00:01:42.120 --> 00:01:43.680]   for it to get together.
[00:01:43.680 --> 00:01:45.840]   The galaxies must have had much longer
[00:01:45.840 --> 00:01:48.400]   than the 700 million years after the big bang
[00:01:48.400 --> 00:01:50.840]   that are standin' well of the universe gives them,
[00:01:50.840 --> 00:01:54.240]   and the universe must have had more massive available,
[00:01:54.240 --> 00:01:58.320]   or galaxies must form differently than what we think.
[00:01:58.320 --> 00:02:01.720]   The big bang is currently thought to have started everything
[00:02:01.720 --> 00:02:05.560]   13.77 billion years ago.
[00:02:05.560 --> 00:02:10.560]   And these galaxies, we're watching them at 0.77 billion years ago
[00:02:10.560 --> 00:02:13.360]   because they're so far away.
[00:02:13.360 --> 00:02:15.840]   Galaxies are thought to accumulate gas,
[00:02:15.840 --> 00:02:19.720]   moved together by giant clumps of dark matter in their region.
[00:02:19.720 --> 00:02:23.120]   Generally, only about 10% of the gas in the galaxy
[00:02:23.120 --> 00:02:25.440]   ignites to make a star.
[00:02:25.440 --> 00:02:29.040]   For galaxies in the remotest parts of the universe with the gases thin,
[00:02:29.040 --> 00:02:32.560]   it takes a long time to accumulate this much gas
[00:02:32.560 --> 00:02:34.480]   for this many stars.
[00:02:34.480 --> 00:02:38.520]   These six galaxies, however, have so many stars
[00:02:38.520 --> 00:02:41.440]   adding up to so much mass
[00:02:41.440 --> 00:02:43.680]   that all of the gas in each galaxy
[00:02:43.680 --> 00:02:47.960]   had to have become a hundred percent converted into stars.
[00:02:47.960 --> 00:02:52.840]   In the 700 million years, since the universe started in the big bang,
[00:02:52.840 --> 00:02:56.600]   under our current understanding, this is impossible.
[00:02:56.600 --> 00:03:01.040]   It suggests something in our understanding of the cosmos is wrong.
[00:03:01.040 --> 00:03:04.360]   Are we wrong about how to calculate astronomical masses,
[00:03:04.360 --> 00:03:08.360]   galaxy formation, dark matter, and the big bang
[00:03:08.360 --> 00:03:10.600]   and the age of the universe?
[00:03:10.600 --> 00:03:13.880]   An astronomer from the cosmic dawn center in Denmark
[00:03:13.880 --> 00:03:15.600]   used the James Webb telescope,
[00:03:15.600 --> 00:03:19.240]   look at closer galaxies, and then used the very high resolution
[00:03:19.240 --> 00:03:23.080]   of that telescope to calculate the mass more precisely
[00:03:23.080 --> 00:03:26.240]   with the different method and found that these galaxies
[00:03:26.240 --> 00:03:29.800]   are three to 10 times more massive than we previously thought.
[00:03:29.800 --> 00:03:32.760]   Applying this more accurate technique to the six galaxies
[00:03:32.760 --> 00:03:35.720]   that a 13 billion light years away
[00:03:35.720 --> 00:03:41.120]   would increase their mass, which makes it much worse
[00:03:41.120 --> 00:03:43.040]   than what we thought.
[00:03:43.040 --> 00:03:47.520]   The paper was titled, "A Population of Red Canada Massive Galaxies",
[00:03:47.520 --> 00:03:51.080]   approximately 600 million years after the big bang
[00:03:51.080 --> 00:03:53.400]   and was published in the journal Nature.
[00:03:53.400 --> 00:04:10.120]   [MUSIC]
[00:04:10.120 --> 00:04:14.040]   The oldest name to animal of diffusion science radio,
[00:04:14.040 --> 00:04:17.720]   Cindy Males to science@defusionradio.com,
[00:04:17.720 --> 00:04:21.640]   where brought to you across Australia on the community radio network
[00:04:21.640 --> 00:04:27.560]   and podcast over the internet on www.fusionradio.com.
[00:04:27.560 --> 00:04:30.240]   Challenging physics.
[00:04:30.240 --> 00:04:34.320]   Nitten said everything is either a particle or a wave,
[00:04:34.320 --> 00:04:36.880]   Faraday and Maxwell added fields,
[00:04:36.880 --> 00:04:39.120]   Einstein added space time,
[00:04:39.120 --> 00:04:42.440]   quantum physics as everything is made of quanta,
[00:04:42.440 --> 00:04:45.440]   which have the properties of both waves and particles,
[00:04:45.440 --> 00:04:46.760]   but is neither.
[00:04:46.760 --> 00:04:49.600]   Quantum mechanics has no explanation for gravity
[00:04:49.600 --> 00:04:53.360]   and relativity doesn't account for the quantum world.
[00:04:53.360 --> 00:04:57.600]   There's a contradiction between our most basic explanations of the universe.
[00:04:57.600 --> 00:05:01.600]   Dr. Viv Robinson was the first person to create a physical explanation
[00:05:01.600 --> 00:05:06.800]   of Einstein's gravity in a paper published in the journal Physics Communications.
[00:05:06.800 --> 00:05:10.960]   He's made corrections to people's extensions of Einstein's mathematics
[00:05:10.960 --> 00:05:13.760]   and has a different way to interpret those mathematics
[00:05:13.760 --> 00:05:16.560]   that gives a different picture of the age of the universe
[00:05:16.560 --> 00:05:19.760]   and a different way of looking at how the physics works.
[00:05:19.760 --> 00:05:24.160]   From the standard model of quantum physics to big bang cosmology.
[00:05:24.160 --> 00:05:28.000]   Everything, including you and me, is made of light.
[00:05:28.000 --> 00:05:31.200]   It's a very big and very bold claim.
[00:05:31.200 --> 00:05:35.440]   I spoke to Dr. Viv Robinson by Zoom and began by asking him,
[00:05:35.440 --> 00:05:38.000]   "What is the universe made of?"
[00:05:38.000 --> 00:05:43.120]   And, oh, stop of the universe, or like entity.
[00:05:43.120 --> 00:05:47.200]   I won't call it items because one of them is absolutely nothing.
[00:05:47.200 --> 00:05:51.440]   The first thing to do, all the mass and all the energy
[00:05:51.440 --> 00:05:53.280]   is made up of photons.
[00:05:53.280 --> 00:05:56.640]   There are little packets of electromagnetic energy
[00:05:56.640 --> 00:06:01.680]   situated by Maxwell and Planck and proven by Einstein.
[00:06:01.680 --> 00:06:06.400]   They come in at many different sizes shapes of which
[00:06:06.400 --> 00:06:09.840]   they make up all the mass and energy of the universe.
[00:06:09.840 --> 00:06:13.840]   The volume is made up by empty space, absolutely nothing.
[00:06:13.840 --> 00:06:18.080]   But it's the properties of the space that are important.
[00:06:18.080 --> 00:06:23.440]   But the first important property is that can transmit photons
[00:06:23.440 --> 00:06:25.680]   electromagnetic radiation.
[00:06:25.680 --> 00:06:31.040]   It does this through two of its properties, electric permutivity
[00:06:31.040 --> 00:06:32.560]   and magnetic permeability.
[00:06:32.560 --> 00:06:38.800]   And it's those properties which then transmit all of the fields.
[00:06:38.800 --> 00:06:40.880]   So that's really all it is.
[00:06:40.880 --> 00:06:47.600]   They're just the only two stars, and of course, because the Po-Doc are physical things
[00:06:47.600 --> 00:06:50.000]   and spaces just the absence of everything.
[00:06:50.000 --> 00:06:51.360]   But it's property.
[00:06:51.360 --> 00:06:54.000]   It's properties are what is important about it.
[00:06:54.000 --> 00:06:59.280]   And that's a little bit different to what you might hear
[00:06:59.280 --> 00:07:03.200]   from a quantum physics class where they talk about space being full of
[00:07:03.200 --> 00:07:07.840]   virtual particles coming into and out of existence that it's not totally empty
[00:07:07.840 --> 00:07:09.840]   or sometimes they say it's full of fields.
[00:07:09.840 --> 00:07:13.920]   The fields of every force is in there and things are coming up all the time.
[00:07:13.920 --> 00:07:16.480]   So if you go very fast, you'll interact with the fields
[00:07:16.480 --> 00:07:18.560]   all the virtual particles and you get radiation.
[00:07:18.560 --> 00:07:25.040]   Yeah, so the unfortunate part is that physics is doing exceedingly well
[00:07:25.040 --> 00:07:29.040]   under the Newtonian mechanics and exceedingly well under
[00:07:29.040 --> 00:07:34.080]   a maximum mechanics, but as things get smaller and smaller,
[00:07:34.080 --> 00:07:38.560]   you get to a stage where things aren't continuous.
[00:07:38.560 --> 00:07:43.440]   I mean, you wouldn't work with anything that's continuous, but eventually get this stage where
[00:07:43.440 --> 00:07:48.000]   you know, a drop of water is fine and has a surface tension evaporates in
[00:07:48.000 --> 00:07:49.600]   the left of one molecule of water.
[00:07:49.600 --> 00:07:53.440]   That doesn't behave the same as bulk water.
[00:07:54.160 --> 00:07:58.720]   Then into that molecule you go hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms,
[00:07:58.720 --> 00:08:00.800]   they behave nothing like water.
[00:08:00.800 --> 00:08:02.880]   And then you get, well, they're made up of
[00:08:02.880 --> 00:08:06.800]   proton, neutrons and electrons and they have completely different properties from bulk water.
[00:08:06.800 --> 00:08:10.240]   So quantum mechanics and things get quantized.
[00:08:10.240 --> 00:08:16.080]   You get the smallest quantity you can get and that has very,
[00:08:16.080 --> 00:08:18.480]   very different properties from the bulk.
[00:08:19.280 --> 00:08:27.200]   And what has happened in the past is that the early on in quantum mechanics
[00:08:27.200 --> 00:08:29.360]   and bankmen like Dirac and Shroud are there.
[00:08:29.360 --> 00:08:32.560]   They didn't know what and but the structure was electron.
[00:08:32.560 --> 00:08:38.720]   Was, although they knew it had waves properties.
[00:08:38.720 --> 00:08:43.680]   And so all they did was they attributed it to a way, a way property to it.
[00:08:43.680 --> 00:08:46.640]   Now waves have been granted over particles.
[00:08:46.640 --> 00:08:52.000]   You can manipulate them almost forever with all sorts of different transforms
[00:08:52.000 --> 00:08:53.600]   until you get the answer you want.
[00:08:53.600 --> 00:09:00.320]   And that gave some confidence to quantum mechanics guys.
[00:09:00.320 --> 00:09:05.760]   But yes, waves work and they've been using that forever.
[00:09:05.760 --> 00:09:07.440]   And all I'm saying, no, no, no, no, no.
[00:09:07.440 --> 00:09:10.080]   Everything is particles.
[00:09:10.080 --> 00:09:14.320]   And the particles have specific properties.
[00:09:15.360 --> 00:09:19.440]   And you can't manipulate those properties for your kind of certain extent.
[00:09:19.440 --> 00:09:21.200]   But they are what they are.
[00:09:21.200 --> 00:09:25.280]   And it's when you know what those properties are.
[00:09:25.280 --> 00:09:28.480]   The whole quantum mechanics becomes much simpler.
[00:09:28.480 --> 00:09:34.880]   You don't need any of that foamy self-start to get to explain whatever you want to explain.
[00:09:34.880 --> 00:09:39.040]   I mentioned that there are many different forms of photons.
[00:09:39.040 --> 00:09:45.040]   The photons are electromagnetic radiation with a electric field, say,
[00:09:45.040 --> 00:09:50.400]   I'm a magnetic field perpendicular to it and the whole lot of travels in the speed of
[00:09:50.400 --> 00:09:51.760]   life in a third dimension.
[00:09:51.760 --> 00:09:55.360]   And there are many, many variations of that.
[00:09:55.360 --> 00:09:59.680]   So that's fine for energy radiation.
[00:09:59.680 --> 00:10:03.200]   But how about matter particles?
[00:10:03.200 --> 00:10:08.560]   Well, matter particles are nothing more than photons of the appropriate wavelength.
[00:10:08.560 --> 00:10:13.520]   Or appropriate energy making two revolutions to wavelengths.
[00:10:13.520 --> 00:10:20.720]   And when they do that, what holds what allows them to do that is that they rotate around the
[00:10:20.720 --> 00:10:22.160]   magnetic field.
[00:10:22.160 --> 00:10:26.640]   And suddenly instead of an alinear photon, the magnetic field grow open.
[00:10:26.640 --> 00:10:32.720]   When they rotate around the magnetic field, then the magnetic field of a particle is closed.
[00:10:32.720 --> 00:10:37.920]   And a closed magnetic field is much more stable than an open magnetic field.
[00:10:37.920 --> 00:10:40.320]   And that's why most of the universe, for example.
[00:10:40.320 --> 00:10:47.200]   Let's say about, I think the best estimate, saying 1 percentage radiation,
[00:10:47.200 --> 00:10:53.600]   the other 99 percent is both on troubling in circles, making two revolutions for wavelength.
[00:10:53.600 --> 00:10:58.720]   And it's that that gives particles all their properties.
[00:10:58.720 --> 00:11:05.520]   Now, if I may say this is a bit hairy, very, but it's been known for a long, long time,
[00:11:05.520 --> 00:11:09.840]   that you get a particle and an anti-particle, you put them together,
[00:11:09.840 --> 00:11:11.600]   being two photons.
[00:11:11.600 --> 00:11:18.480]   At the same time, you get a photon and go and hit the target, bang, a particle and an anti-particle.
[00:11:18.480 --> 00:11:22.880]   Now, that shows the relationship between the two, somehow,
[00:11:22.880 --> 00:11:25.200]   what the people missed.
[00:11:25.200 --> 00:11:28.720]   But what's the simple, speolation shift you can have?
[00:11:28.720 --> 00:11:35.440]   The simplest relationship is a particle is a photon making two revolutions in one direction.
[00:11:35.440 --> 00:11:40.080]   An anti-particle is the same particle, making two revolutions in the other direction.
[00:11:40.080 --> 00:11:43.600]   Put them together, they are not because they have mass,
[00:11:43.600 --> 00:11:46.000]   they have this thing called angular momentum,
[00:11:46.000 --> 00:11:49.120]   a great Newtonian property.
[00:11:49.120 --> 00:11:53.520]   But because mathematicians didn't know what an electron was,
[00:11:53.520 --> 00:11:56.720]   they called it a point party, or you can't have angular momentum,
[00:11:56.720 --> 00:12:02.480]   the point particles are called it spin and the way of also to different things to make it.
[00:12:02.480 --> 00:12:06.160]   Seems as if they know what they're talking about, this really just angular momentum.
[00:12:06.160 --> 00:12:11.600]   And that's the relationship between mass and energy.
[00:12:11.600 --> 00:12:14.800]   Energy is the photon, zipping along with a speed of light.
[00:12:14.800 --> 00:12:19.920]   Mass is the same photon making two revolutions per wavelength.
[00:12:19.920 --> 00:12:22.400]   That's how they can interchange so easily.
[00:12:22.400 --> 00:12:29.200]   And that property gives particles all their properties, including mass.
[00:12:29.200 --> 00:12:35.280]   And one of the things that Einstein did work out in 1985,
[00:12:35.280 --> 00:12:40.320]   those little medical packets of radio, electric magnetic, and energy,
[00:12:40.320 --> 00:12:44.960]   he did work out that they carried momentum, or carried inertia,
[00:12:44.960 --> 00:12:47.040]   that had momentum, they had mass.
[00:12:47.040 --> 00:12:49.440]   I think I don't think she'd laugh.
[00:12:49.440 --> 00:12:53.440]   I don't know why people want to prove Einstein wrong,
[00:12:53.440 --> 00:12:55.840]   photons have mass.
[00:12:56.480 --> 00:13:01.680]   Now I think the reason for this is that they think our Einstein special relativity
[00:13:01.680 --> 00:13:04.240]   corrections, anything troubling at the speed of light,
[00:13:04.240 --> 00:13:08.960]   of an infinite mass, the special relativity corrections,
[00:13:08.960 --> 00:13:12.640]   only applied to photons, which aspiring.
[00:13:12.640 --> 00:13:19.120]   And the reason, without it is about complicated, is the price vagabors is theorem.
[00:13:19.120 --> 00:13:22.400]   And what he was got three hundred BC or something like that,
[00:13:22.400 --> 00:13:28.400]   but difficult. And so photons themselves always travel at the speed of light.
[00:13:28.400 --> 00:13:31.760]   And so the rotating photons,
[00:13:31.760 --> 00:13:36.080]   but on the rotating, are rotating also at the same speed of light.
[00:13:36.080 --> 00:13:39.680]   And well, that's one on hell of a gyroscope.
[00:13:39.680 --> 00:13:43.200]   And that is what it's particles. There's spin,
[00:13:43.200 --> 00:13:46.800]   that's why E equals MC squared and four straight forward.
[00:13:46.800 --> 00:13:49.200]   There you go. Really? Well, no.
[00:13:50.880 --> 00:13:53.840]   So if we go back a little bit there where you say,
[00:13:53.840 --> 00:14:00.400]   there's no wave nature, what about the double-sid experiment and other sorts of experiments,
[00:14:00.400 --> 00:14:03.840]   it seems to show wave properties of particles other than photons?
[00:14:03.840 --> 00:14:06.240]   particles.
[00:14:06.240 --> 00:14:09.040]   The Royal worked out in 1952.
[00:14:09.040 --> 00:14:14.400]   But if photons, if I don't behave like particles,
[00:14:14.400 --> 00:14:16.480]   and particle to behave like that,
[00:14:16.480 --> 00:14:22.800]   I really think it's completely true. The actual nature of the rotating photon
[00:14:22.800 --> 00:14:28.000]   generates the debriley wavelength. And it has all the right properties,
[00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:35.680]   or me and to me Einstein's special and general relativity series of relatively simple.
[00:14:35.680 --> 00:14:40.160]   So that may be talking a little bit out of line here.
[00:14:41.280 --> 00:14:47.280]   But the nebriley wavelength is automatically generated by the particle as it moves.
[00:14:47.280 --> 00:14:51.760]   So it's not something that they hypothesize.
[00:14:51.760 --> 00:14:58.000]   And don't know what occurs. They hypothesize that they measured it,
[00:14:58.000 --> 00:15:02.560]   but they don't know how it occurs. Well, yeah, it's quite fairly straightforward,
[00:15:02.560 --> 00:15:06.560]   but not at not at this level.
[00:15:06.560 --> 00:15:10.720]   What are the implications for this difference in understanding?
[00:15:11.360 --> 00:15:15.200]   So are the predictions that you would make that are different to the ones
[00:15:15.200 --> 00:15:18.080]   that people following the standard model would make?
[00:15:18.080 --> 00:15:25.360]   Oh, my goodness. I think it's probably the electron tapping.
[00:15:25.360 --> 00:15:31.600]   Well, electron to the barrow. That's got a very simple mechanical analog.
[00:15:31.600 --> 00:15:36.000]   I mean, the electrons are held in what you call a very torque field.
[00:15:36.720 --> 00:15:40.960]   Now, if you've got something coming up, you've got everything is a tight situation.
[00:15:40.960 --> 00:15:46.320]   You come something out banging at this end. You can do it with being billied balls or
[00:15:46.320 --> 00:15:53.760]   a tranquil throne. You know, one will knock out. So what they call tunneling under this model,
[00:15:53.760 --> 00:15:59.200]   in reality, what they call tunneling is just really momentum exchange.
[00:15:59.200 --> 00:16:05.680]   So there's a little bit like one of those hidden cradles where you've got the balls on all the
[00:16:05.680 --> 00:16:13.360]   attached by a string or a chain to a full cram over the top. And one will hit the other one and transfer
[00:16:13.360 --> 00:16:18.160]   the momentum to the other one without actually transferring itself.
[00:16:18.160 --> 00:16:25.360]   Yeah, you don't get electrons. They have wave properties.
[00:16:25.360 --> 00:16:34.720]   Yes, but you won't get an electron tunneling. The wave is a very fixed position with respect to
[00:16:34.720 --> 00:16:42.720]   the electron. It's equal to an other side of it. If they're tunneling, they're very fixed. Then
[00:16:42.720 --> 00:16:48.640]   the lower the energy of the electron, the longer it's wave length, therefore the easier would be
[00:16:48.640 --> 00:16:56.080]   to tunnel. However, in the energy transfer one, the higher the energy, the greater probability
[00:16:56.080 --> 00:17:01.200]   of locking other electron out the other side, or at a simple experiment to do, just increase the
[00:17:01.200 --> 00:17:07.440]   energy of electron coming out of a barrier and see which ones go out the other end first.
[00:17:07.440 --> 00:17:09.920]   Is anyone set up to do that?
[00:17:09.920 --> 00:17:15.360]   Oh, anyone could set up to do it. But a lot of laboratories could do it.
[00:17:15.360 --> 00:17:21.040]   Yeah, a little bit of a cycle tunneling effect is what they use in all of my
[00:17:21.040 --> 00:17:27.360]   neural electronic systems. And they wouldn't, it would be a very, very simple exercise to carry
[00:17:27.360 --> 00:17:34.720]   that out. They may well have done us in the mathematicians of turn around and added another factor.
[00:17:34.720 --> 00:17:40.000]   It's a standard thing they do when they don't get the right answer, and just add another factor.
[00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:44.960]   I can't do that. It's physical reality, it's physical reality, it's physical reality,
[00:17:44.960 --> 00:17:50.720]   end of story. I guess at something to look up and see if someone's done those experiments and
[00:17:50.720 --> 00:17:56.880]   what they do with the results. I think I'm sure it has been done in the result.
[00:17:56.880 --> 00:18:02.000]   It's that the higher the energy of the electron, the greater the probability of it. And you're
[00:18:02.000 --> 00:18:07.840]   emerging on the other side of the barrier. And on the very much bigger scale, are there
[00:18:07.840 --> 00:18:11.680]   differences in the way the universe looks for astronomy?
[00:18:11.680 --> 00:18:19.520]   Yeah, not as far as astronomy is concerned. What the astronomers see is what there is.
[00:18:19.520 --> 00:18:24.320]   No question that. They're great. They're brilliant. They're astronomers. Most of the
[00:18:24.320 --> 00:18:32.160]   experimenter are so they're doing a exceedingly good job. The problem becomes it interpreting what they
[00:18:32.160 --> 00:18:40.320]   seem. And when it comes to the whole universe, for example, it's all based on Einstein's theory of gravity.
[00:18:40.320 --> 00:18:46.880]   Well, it should be. It's more advanced than Newton's inverse squared, but for most practical purposes,
[00:18:46.880 --> 00:18:54.000]   Newton's inverse squared works quite well. The two situations where it doesn't work. When the masses
[00:18:54.000 --> 00:19:00.960]   so large, like the mass of the Sun or the mass of the Sun, or the mass of the Sun, or the Sagittarius,
[00:19:00.960 --> 00:19:07.920]   A with the planet or star S, two going around it. And that's one situation. The reason why
[00:19:08.720 --> 00:19:17.360]   a planet or my Mercury is orbit presources in its direction of travel is simply that gravity,
[00:19:17.360 --> 00:19:23.120]   when mass is strong enough, gravity actually becomes weakling in the square. And that's one of
[00:19:23.120 --> 00:19:29.440]   things you get when you solve Einstein's gravity very accurately. It becomes weak in the inverse
[00:19:29.440 --> 00:19:35.120]   square. Now when it's weak, it's weak in the inverse square. Mercury travels a little bit closer to the
[00:19:35.120 --> 00:19:43.120]   Sun, and is attracted by a slightly stronger force, so it'll arrive back at a very helium point,
[00:19:43.120 --> 00:19:51.120]   got a little later. And it'll pre-sess its direction of travel. And Newton pointed that out in 1687.
[00:19:51.120 --> 00:19:58.320]   So I don't know why they didn't work it out correctly. But gravity is weak in inverse
[00:19:58.320 --> 00:20:04.960]   square, is the solution to Einstein's gravity. And the other thing is that when gravity is an infinite
[00:20:04.960 --> 00:20:12.160]   steady state universe under Newton's theory of gravity in inverse square, it will collapse. The reason
[00:20:12.160 --> 00:20:21.360]   being that relatively universe density mass increases as our cubed gravity decreases as our square.
[00:20:21.360 --> 00:20:29.520]   And eventually you get to the stage where gravity just dominates a mass and it collapses. But gravity is
[00:20:29.520 --> 00:20:35.440]   weak of an inverse square, and I'm just trying to show you that Mercury is presourcing orbit
[00:20:35.440 --> 00:20:39.840]   because the Sun's gravity is weak of an inverse square, all that applies to all gravity. And I think
[00:20:39.840 --> 00:20:46.000]   it's special about our Sun, except it's keeping all of us the lives on this planet.
[00:20:46.000 --> 00:20:52.160]   And when you have an infinite steady state universe, if gravity is weak in inverse square,
[00:20:52.160 --> 00:21:00.480]   it depends relatively weaker over long distances. I'm talking typically 10 billion
[00:21:00.480 --> 00:21:06.560]   ideas or something like that, maybe more. But that means an infinite steady state universe
[00:21:06.560 --> 00:21:13.840]   when collapse. It's a huge, huge difference. That's the biggest thing mind you what difference is
[00:21:13.840 --> 00:21:21.520]   to make to us here on Earth. It means you'll wear it as seeing galaxies, fully born galaxies,
[00:21:21.520 --> 00:21:28.560]   20 billion ideas away. Don't make a script of different stories. It's as understanding how
[00:21:28.560 --> 00:21:34.800]   the universe works. That mistake, I'm the simple, simple mistake that they, they, they
[00:21:34.800 --> 00:21:42.480]   know mathematicians, were made. Einstein introduced approximations. He couldn't solve the gravity
[00:21:42.480 --> 00:21:51.920]   exactly himself. I have no problem solving his gravity exactly. But he introduced the approximation
[00:21:51.920 --> 00:22:00.160]   one over one plus x, a property equals one minus x. You know, when x is 10 to the minus 7 on,
[00:22:00.160 --> 00:22:07.120]   which is 10 to the minus 8, that's a good approximation. I mean, you're just read his paper. He said so.
[00:22:07.120 --> 00:22:13.280]   And you read the mathematics. You don't even read the German version. Look at the mathematics.
[00:22:13.280 --> 00:22:19.360]   He said so. And you're just working out. And that was the difference. All of their exact
[00:22:19.360 --> 00:22:26.400]   solutions to Einstein's gravity, they took, he used the approximation. He derived a bigger
[00:22:26.400 --> 00:22:33.600]   one plus one over x, equivalent of that. And then he rather than do that, he equated the one minus x,
[00:22:33.600 --> 00:22:42.800]   which is true. One plus a one million is 999 million. And why did I do that?
[00:22:42.800 --> 00:22:49.360]   I have no idea. Mind you, it'd be interesting trying to find out why. I think it,
[00:22:50.160 --> 00:22:58.800]   if the mathematician of repute, says one thing. I will agree that I'm my first reading the Einstein's
[00:22:58.800 --> 00:23:05.600]   the relativity theory. You think, oh my god. Really? You could eat it again this time. Then
[00:23:05.600 --> 00:23:12.080]   you get any stuff. It's not that difficult. I think most of them had a solution.
[00:23:12.080 --> 00:23:18.240]   Somebody came up with a solution to Einstein's growing everybody just followed it. And nobody
[00:23:18.240 --> 00:23:25.520]   said that big thing. And then it was stressed to everybody. Don't take somebody's word for go back
[00:23:25.520 --> 00:23:34.000]   and check the original yourself. And then it's in a few times people have made terrible terrible mistakes.
[00:23:34.000 --> 00:23:40.880]   But this would probably be the biggest one, the whole field of cosmology. Sorry. Astronomy
[00:23:42.080 --> 00:23:48.160]   that you guys, great. Thanks Uncle Sam for providing us with all this information.
[00:23:48.160 --> 00:23:53.840]   That was part one of my interview with Dr. Viv Robinson. You heard Viv say that matter is made of
[00:23:53.840 --> 00:23:59.120]   photons moving in circles, physicists took Einstein's approximations as gospel instead of using the
[00:23:59.120 --> 00:24:05.520]   exact solutions available with lay the mathematics. Gravity changes to be weaker over distances
[00:24:05.520 --> 00:24:13.440]   and the universe isn't expanding. Listen next week for part two. If you have any questions for Dr.
[00:24:13.440 --> 00:24:20.560]   Robinson, he'd love to answer them on the show so send your questions to science@diffusionradio.com.
[00:24:20.560 --> 00:24:26.400]   If you're in Darlinghurst this Wednesday night, the 5th of July, I will be part of the lineup
[00:24:26.400 --> 00:24:34.320]   of scientists speaking at future science talks at the East Village. Go to www.futuresciencetalks.com.au
[00:24:34.320 --> 00:24:39.360]   to grab a ticket and come up and say hello. And if you can't make it Wednesday night,
[00:24:39.360 --> 00:24:45.040]   I'll keep you posted on some future talks I'll be giving. And that's all from us this week on
[00:24:45.040 --> 00:24:51.120]   diffusion. Are you a scientist, artist, biohakeral maker who'd like to be interviewed about your work?
[00:24:51.120 --> 00:24:56.720]   Would your company like to sponsor diffusion? Send your contributions, opinions,
[00:24:56.720 --> 00:25:03.440]   helpful suggestions and donations to science@diffusionradio.com. That science at diffusion
[00:25:03.440 --> 00:25:12.720]   radio.com please subscribe to the diffusion science radio channel on youtube.com/c/defusionradio and rate
[00:25:12.720 --> 00:25:20.960]   the show on iTunes. Tell your friends follow me on Twitter @eanwolf. The news music was
[00:25:20.960 --> 00:25:28.320]   rhinostream by Kevin McLeod of Incompetake.com. I produced a fusion which is broadcast around Australia
[00:25:28.320 --> 00:25:35.920]   to 28 stations on the community radio network including radio blue mountains, 89.1 FM and NSW.
[00:25:35.920 --> 00:25:42.240]   8 triple C in L springs and 10 in creek. 2 MVR and Nambaca Valley. 3 MVR and the
[00:25:42.240 --> 00:25:47.680]   Melbourne Districts of Victoria and South Australia. City Park Radio 7L TN in one
[00:25:47.680 --> 00:25:57.040]   system Tasmania and 2WX FM in Cambro. Diffusion is now a cast on Indigo FM88 in Northeastern Victoria.
[00:25:58.000 --> 00:26:04.960]   Diffusion is syndicated globally on astronomy.fm. Subscribe to the podcast on the diffusion website
[00:26:04.960 --> 00:26:13.440]   www.fusionradio.com. That's www.diffusionradio.com and check the website for links, photos
[00:26:13.440 --> 00:26:19.440]   and videos about this week's show. If you enjoyed the show you can explore more than a thousand
[00:26:19.440 --> 00:26:26.480]   previous episodes archived on diffusionradio.com where the shows are labeled by keywords so you
[00:26:26.480 --> 00:26:35.040]   can focus in on the stories you want to hear. Make a donation through PayPal.me/EMW or join my
[00:26:35.040 --> 00:26:44.640]   patrons at patreon.com/diffusionradio. I'm EMW, join us inside your audio device of choice
[00:26:44.640 --> 00:26:52.480]   for more science wondering next week on diffusion science radio. Science is fun. It helps you
[00:26:52.480 --> 00:26:58.880]   to learn to know and to appreciate. When you study science you may go on field trips. You discover
[00:26:58.880 --> 00:27:05.280]   the marvelous interrelationships between all living things. You learn to read the history of the earth
[00:27:05.280 --> 00:27:11.280]   as it is written in rocks and fossils. You find out what makes things tick. Everything from a
[00:27:11.280 --> 00:27:18.080]   molecule to a living organism. In the study of science is found the most useful and satisfying
[00:27:18.080 --> 00:27:24.960]   knowledge of man. Knowledge of his physical world is past its present and its future. And in your moments
[00:27:24.960 --> 00:27:31.440]   of relaxation now and in the years to come you will find the study of science leading you into fascinating
[00:27:31.440 --> 00:27:45.520]   pursuits photography. Collecting. Why study science studies science because you will find in the study
[00:27:45.520 --> 00:27:48.720]   of science a richer, more rewarding life.
[00:27:48.720 --> 00:27:49.840]   life.
[00:27:49.840 --> 00:27:59.840]   [BLANK_AUDIO]
[00:27:59.840 --> 00:28:09.840]   [BLANK_AUDIO]
[00:28:09.840 --> 00:28:19.840]   [BLANK_AUDIO]

whisper_print_timings:     load time =   197.23 ms
whisper_print_timings:     fallbacks =   3 p /   0 h
whisper_print_timings:      mel time =  1005.68 ms
whisper_print_timings:   sample time =  3251.36 ms /  5736 runs (    0.57 ms per run)
whisper_print_timings:   encode time = 27698.65 ms /    67 runs (  413.41 ms per run)
whisper_print_timings:   decode time = 23450.80 ms /  5733 runs (    4.09 ms per run)
whisper_print_timings:    total time = 55790.05 ms

Words removed	1139
Total words	3564
Words removed (%)	31.96

Words added	1020
Total words	3445
Words added (%)	29.61